* Elkins, Stanley M. and Eric McKitrick, The Age of Federalism ( 1995 ), the standard scholarly history of the 1790s.

The standard theological view of world history at the time was known as the six ages of the world ; in his book, Bede calculated the age of the world for himself, rather than accepting the authority of Isidore of Seville, and came to the conclusion that Christ had been born 3, 952 years after the creation of the world, rather than the figure of over 5, 000 years that was commonly accepted by theologians.

413 pp. the standard history

Although the price of some platinum group metals can be much higher, gold has long been considered the most desirable of precious metals, and its value has been used as the standard for many currencies ( known as the gold standard ) in history.

Von Ranke, for example, professionalized history and set the world standard for historiography.

Von Sybel in 1859 founded the Historische Zeitschrift, which set the world standard for a scholarly history journal.

Avicenna, considered among the most influential medical scholars in history, wrote The Canon of Medicine ( 1025 ) and The Book of Healing ( 1027 ), which remained standard textbooks in both Muslim and European universities until the 17th century.

Excess line insurance companies ( also known as Excess and Surplus ) typically insure risks not covered by the standard lines insurance market, due to a variety of reasons ( e. g., new entity or an entity that does not have an adequate loss history, an entity with unique risk characteristics, or an entity that has a loss history that does not fit the underwriting requirements of the standard lines insurance market ).

John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy ( 1949 ), the standard history of Monroe's foreign policy.

" Notes on the Judeo-Christian tradition in America ," American Quarterly, ( 1984 ) 36: 65 – 85, the standard history of the term in JSTOR

( The standard work on the history of the university.

In Hong Kong and Macau, because of their colonial and linguistic history, the language of education, the media, formal speech and everyday life remains the local Cantonese, although the standard language is now very influential and taught in schools.

ISBN 0-14-100975-6, standard scholarly history ; The Third Reich in Power 2005 ISBN 1-59420-074-2 ; The Third Reich at war 1939 – 1945 ( 2009 )

Nazi Germany and the Jews: Volume 1: The Years of Persecution 1933 – 1939 ( 1998 ); The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939 – 1945 ( 2007 ), the standard history

Propitious Esculent: The Potato in World History ( 2008 ), 315pp a standard scholarly history

The standard has been renamed several times during its history as the sponsoring organization changed its name, and has been variously known as EIA RS-232, EIA 232, and most recently as TIA 232.

The standard theory of the history of the scientific revolution claims the 17th century was a period of revolutionary scientific changes.

( 1991 ), standard history of his domestic and foreign policy as president

standard history of his foreign policy

He included all the theosophists in what was then a standard reference in the history of philosophy.

This condition will undoubtedly continue until such time as a state uniform system of evaluation is established, or through mutual agreement of the local assessing officials for a method of standard assessment practice to be adopted.

For example Connecticut applies the following standard to review unpreserved claims: 1. the record is adequate to review the alleged claim of error ; 2. the claim is of constitutional magnitude alleging the violation of a fundamental right ; 3. the alleged constitutional violation clearly exists and clearly deprived the defendant of a fair trial ; 4. if subject to harmless error analysis, the state has failed to demonstrate harmlessness of the alleged constitutional violation beyond a reasonable doubt.

The standard state, or reference state, of an element is defined as its thermodynamically most stable state at 1 bar at a given temperature ( typically at 298. 15 K ).

In thermochemistry, an element is defined to have an enthalpy of formation of zero in its standard state.

Another commonly used basic distinction among the elements is their state of matter ( phase ), solid, liquid, or gas, at a selected standard temperature and pressure ( STP ).

An admirer of Britain's New Liberal philosophy, Hughes campaigned on a platform to improve the state of New York's standard of living by moving it away from laissez-faire tradition and enacting social reforms similar to that which had been enacted in Britain.

* The state of the dead: The majority of standard scholarly Jewish and Christian sources today describe the state of the dead in terms identical or very close to the Christadelphian view.

At the end of 2006, BT ( the UK's former state owned monopoly phone company ) started offering BT Vision, which combines the digital free-to-air standard Freeview through an aerial, and on-demand IPTV, delivered over a BT Broadband connection through the Vision set-top box ( BT have chosen to deploy Microsoft's Mediaroom platform for this.

In standard state or STP, with the pressure at 1 atm and temperature at being 273. 16 K, the volume occupied by a mole of an ideal gas would be equal to 22. 414 L.

Enthalpies for chemical substances at constant pressure assume standard state ; exactly 25 ° C at 1 atmospheric pressure.

Although Finnish wages and standard of living could not compete with wealthy Sweden until the 1970s, the Finnish economy rose remarkably from the ashes of World War II, resulting in the buildup of another Nordic-style welfare state.

In the United States, standard line insurance companies are insurers that have received a license or authorization from a state for the purpose of writing specific kinds of insurance in that state, such as automobile insurance or homeowners ' insurance.

This concern has found expression in the standards for involuntary commitment in every U. S. state and in other countries as the " danger to self or others " standard, sometimes supplemented by the requirement that the danger be " imminent.

The idea of universal jurisdiction is fundamental to the operation of global organizations such as the United Nations and the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), which jointly assert the benefit of maintaining legal entities with jurisdiction over a wide range of matters of significance to states ( the ICJ should not be confused with the ICC and this version of " universal jurisdiction " is not the same as that enacted in the War Crimes Law ( Belgium ) which is an assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction that will fail to gain implementation in any other state under the standard provisions of public policy ).

The standard treaties and conventions leave the issue of implementation to each state, i. e. there is no general rule in international law that treaties have direct effect in municipal law, but some states, by virtue of their membership of supranational bodies, allow the direct incorporation of rights or enact legislation to honor their international commitments.

Although federal courts ' application of the Connelly rule has been inconsistent and state courts have often failed to appreciate the consequences of the case, Connelly clearly marked a significant change in the application of the voluntariness standard.

New Hampshire maintains a similar standard, but not a separate state grading scale.

More than one standard can be applied to any case based on multiple jurisdictions and numerous other factors in relation to complex state and federal law ; dependant on which jurisdiction and country one is in.

As it is constant, its value can be set to one by defining the standard state as being the solution containing the background electrolyte.

Practice on its conversion to national currencies varies from state to state ; in most states the conversion factor is based not on the market price of gold, but on an official price ( a remnant of the gold standard, frequently far below its market price today ).

Several efforts were made in this direction, and though not all of them survive to this day, the Brown & Sharpe wire gage system was eventually adopted as the American standard and is still in common use today.

Gelignite was more stable, transportable and conveniently formed to fit into bored holes, like those used in drilling and mining, than the previously used compounds and was adopted as the standard technology for mining in the Age of Engineering bringing Nobel a great amount of financial success, though at a significant cost to his health.

Lawhead alters the standard Arthurian story somewhat, in that he has Aurelius marry Igraine and become the true father of King Arthur ( Uther does marry his brother's widow, though ).

The standard symbol for marking the arcminute is the prime (′) ( U + 2032 ), though a single quote (') ( U + 0027 ) is commonly used where only ASCII characters are permitted.

The standard symbol for the arcsecond is the double prime (″) ( U + 2033 ), though a double quote (") ( U + 0022 ) is commonly used where only ASCII characters are permitted.

The namesake of the board game, gameboards would seem to be a necessary and sufficient condition of the genre, though card games that do not use a standard deck of cards ( as well as games which use neither cards nor a gameboard ) are often colloquially included.

Most pop standard and jazz ballads are built from a single, introductory verse ; usually around 16 bars in length, and ending on the dominant ; the chorus or refrain, usually it is 16 or 32 bars long, and in AABA form ( though other forms such as ABAC are not uncommon ).

In contrast, though Oslo ( Norway ) and Stockholm ( Sweden ) are quite dominant in terms of speech standards, cities like Bergen, Gothenburg and the Malmö-Lund region are large and influential enough to create secondary regional norms, making the standard language more varied than is the case with Danish.

An object model language standard ( by the Object Data Management Group ) that has influenced the design of some of the newer query languages like JDOQL and EJB QL, though they cannot be considered as different flavors of OQL.

Thus, while D-Cinema is a defined standard, though one that is still partly being framed by SMPTE as of 2007, E-Cinema may be anything, ranging from a DVD player connected to a consumer projector to something that approaches the quality of D-Cinema without conforming to some of the standards.

While the RSA patent expired in 2000, there are patents in force covering certain aspects of ECC technology, though some argue that the Federal elliptic curve digital signature standard ( ECDSA ; NIST FIPS 186-3 ) and certain practical ECC-based key exchange schemes ( including ECDH ) can be implemented without infringing them.

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German ( initially Middle Low German, later also standard German ), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

Also, even though the standard says that if the syntax and model disagree, the model is the standard, this is not the case in practice.

More than any single factor though, firearms have proliferated due to the advent of mass production-enabling arms manufacturers to produce large quantities of weaponry to a consistent standard.

Because the vast majority of genes are encoded with exactly the same code ( see the RNA codon table ), this particular code is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though in fact some variant codes have evolved.

" Shallow " orthographies such as those of standard Spanish and Finnish have relatively regular ( though not always one-to-one ) correspondence between graphemes and phonemes, while those of French and English have much less regular correspondence, and are known as deep orthographies.

The standard also allows the user agent to attempt to interpret the reason phrase, though this might be unwise since the standard explicitly specifies that status codes are machine-readable and reason phrases are human-readable.

Typically in British heraldry, the outer surface of the mantling is of the principal color in the shield and the inner surface is of the principal metal, though peers in the United Kingdom use standard colourings regardless of rank or the colourings of their arms.

Strictly speaking, " diatonic " denotes any harmonica that is designed for playing in only one key ( though the standard " Richter-tuned " diatonic can be played in other keys by forcing its reeds to play tones that are not part of its basic scale ; see Blues harp ).

Even now, many devices are shipped with channels 1, 6 and 11 as preset options even though with the newer 802. 11g standard there are four non-overlapping channels-1, 5, 9 and 13.

If the term has nonetheless retained a certain consistency in its use across these fields and would-be movements, it perhaps reflects the word ’ s position in general English usage: though the standard dictionary definition of irreal gives it the same meaning as unreal, irreal is very rarely used in comparison with unreal.

Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending-te begins to reduce onto the verb ( e. g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the-k-in the final syllable of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form ( e. g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ, where modern Japanese just has hayaku, though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu " good morning "; this ending is also seen in o-medetō " congratulations ", from medetaku ).