Given the nature of traditional Jewish Torah study, which involves extensive citation and cross-referencing among hundreds of texts written over the course of thousands of years, many Torah databases also make extensive use of hypertext links.

Text study projects at Wikisource allow contributors to help build free content Torah databases at Wikimedia through volunteer typing and editing.

A Torah database ( מאגר תורני or מאגר יהדות ) is an electronic collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which especially in Israel are often called " The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf " ( ארון הספרים היהודי ); the texts are in their original languages ( Hebrew or Aramaic ).

Though different Christian denominations have slightly different versions of the Old Testament in their Bibles, the Torah as the " Five Books of Moses " ( or " the Mosaic Law ") is common among them all.

Printed versions of the Torah are often called Chamisha Chumshei Torah ( חמישה חומשי תורה, literally the " five five-sections of the Torah "), and informally a Chumash.

* The Torah: Jewish and Samaritan versions compared ( Hebrew Edition, December 2008 ).

Often the distortions in existing versions prompted questions on the " Mishne Torah " which were solved in many creative and different ways by the scholars throughout the generations ; many of these questions don ’ t arise in the first place if the version is corrected based upon reliable manuscripts.

Attested variants from other ancient versions are also mentioned in footnotes, even for the Torah, in places where the editors thought they might shed light on difficult passages in the Masoretic text.

* Traditional Baladi and Dor Daim ( Yemenite Jews ) base most of their practices on the Mishneh Torah, the compendium by Maimonides of halakha, written several centuries before the Shulchan Aruch.

Traditional Judaism maintains that God established a covenant with the Jewish people at Mount Sinai, and revealed his laws and commandments to them in the form of the Torah.

Traditional rabbinic Judaism, however, has always been of the opinion that belief in immortality of at least most souls, and punishment and reward after death, was a consistent belief back through the giving of the Torah at Mt.

Traditional Judaism reads the Torah accordingly.

Debate on the book was eventually to centre on chapters 6, 7, and 8: The Torah and Modern Criticism, A Synthesis of the Traditional and Critical Views and Bible Difficulties.

He spent ten months lecturing on Jewish philosophy and Torah at Warsaw's Institute for Jewish Studies.

) It explores the views of the rabbis in the Mishnah, Talmud and Midrash about the nature of Torah, the revelation of God to mankind, prophecy, and the ways that Jews have used scriptural exegesis to expand and understand these core Jewish texts.

The Book of Numbers ( from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi ;, Bəmidbar, " In the desert ") is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible, and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah.

* Behar, a portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading

The Jewish religion still retains the Torah scroll, at least for ceremonial use.

The Torah ( Jewish Law ), also known as the Pentateuch ( the first five books of the Christian Old Testament ), lays down the death penalty for murder, kidnapping, magic, violation of the Sabbath, blasphemy, and a wide range of sexual crimes, although evidence suggests that actual executions were rare.

The product of this human-divine encounter is the Torah, the embodiment of God's will revealed pre-eminently to the Jewish people through Moses, the Prophets and the Sages, as well as to the righteous and wise of all nations.

Many Conservative Jews reject the traditional Jewish idea that God literally dictated the words of the Torah to Moses at Mount Sinai in a verbal revelation, but they hold the traditional Jewish belief that God inspired the later prophets to write the rest of the Tanakh.

In contrast to both, most Conservative positions affirm the divine but nonverbal revelation of written Torah as the authentic, historically correct Jewish view.

All contemporary Jewish movements consider the Tanakh, and the Oral Torah in the form of the Mishnah and Talmuds as sacred, although movements are divided as to claims concerning their divine revelation, and also their authority.

Christians reject the Jewish Oral Torah, which was still in oral, and therefore unwritten, form in the time of Jesus.

Christians explain that such selectivity is based on rulings made by early Jewish Christians in the Book of Acts, at the Council of Jerusalem, that, while believing gentiles did not need to fully convert to Judaism, they should follow some aspects of Torah like avoiding idolatry and fornication and blood, including, according to some interpretations, homosexuality.

Although some authorities see the Torah as commanding Jews to believe in God, Jews see belief in God as a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for a Jewish life.

In the Jewish explanation, this is a story in the Torah whereby God wanted to test Abraham's faith and willingness, and Isaac was never going to be actually sacrificed.

The Book of Deuteronomy ( from Greek Δευτερονόμιον, Deuteronomion, " second law ";, Devarim, " words ") is the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible, and of the Jewish Torah / Pentateuch.

It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits ( dates to commemorate the death of a relative ), and daily Psalm reading, among many ceremonial uses.

However, without the insertion of embolismic months, Jewish festivals would gradually shift outside of the seasons required by the Torah.

Halakha constitutes the practical application of the 613 mitzvot (" commandments ", singular: mitzvah ) in the Torah, ( the five books of Moses, the " Written Law ") as developed through discussion and debate in the classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud ( the " Oral law "), and as codified in the Mishneh Torah or Shulchan Aruch ( the Jewish " Code of Law ".

Broadly, the Halakha comprises the practical application of the commandments ( each one known as a mitzvah ) in the Torah, as developed in subsequent rabbinic literature ; see The Mitzvot and Jewish Law.

Besides the basic categories applied to the mitzvot in antiquity, during the medieval period Jewish law was classified by such works as Maimonides ' Mishneh Torah and Joseph Karo's Shulchan Aruch.

Reform Judaism and Reconstructionist Judaism both hold that modern views of how the Torah and rabbinic law developed imply that the body of rabbinic Jewish law is no longer normative ( seen as binding ) on Jews today.

Those in the traditionalist wing of these movements believe that the halakha represents a personal starting-point, holding that each Jew is obligated to interpret the Torah, Talmud and other Jewish works for themselves, and this interpretation will create separate commandments for each person.

Otzar ha-Poskim ( also see below ) produces " The Torah Bookshelf ," a large digital collection of basic texts called " Halamish " ( Ha-Sifriyah ha-Toranit ) in Hebrew, currently in version 3. 0.

Ariel ( currently version 2. 1 ) uses the same software as Otzar Haposkim ’ s " Torah Bookshelf " and is similar to it in scope ( a large basic collection ), but many of the titles in the two collections are not the same.

These workshops may include help with citations, effective search techniques, journal databases, and electronic citation software.

Academic institutions are subscribing to electronic journals databases, providing research and scholarly writing software, and usually provide computer workstations or computer labs for students to access journals, library search databases and portals, institutional electronic resources, internet access, and course-or task-related software ( i. e. word processing and spreadsheet software ).

The emergence of the Internet, however, has led to the adoption of electronic catalogue databases ( often referred to as " webcats " or as online public access catalogues, OPACs ), which allow users to search the library's holdings from any location with Internet access.

Electronic catalogue databases are criticized by some who believe that the old card catalogue system was both easier to navigate and allowed retention of information, by writing directly on the cards, that is lost in the electronic systems.

While libraries have been accused of precipitously throwing out valuable information in card catalogues, most modern ones have nonetheless made the move to electronic catalogue databases.

The libraries contain more than 2. 9 million printed volumes, 2. 4 million microforms, 49, 000 print or electronic journal subscriptions, and 670 reference databases.

Libraries offer many types of electronic resources, including subject research guides, indexes, electronic books and texts, electronic journals, library catalogs, reference sources, statistical sources, sound recordings and image databases.

Developments in the late twentieth century have caused counter surveillance to dramatically grow in both scope and complexity, such as the Internet, increasing prevalence of electronic security systems, high-altitude ( and possibly armed ) UAVs, and large corporate and government computer databases ..

Over 3. 2 million printed volumes combined with online access to more than 300, 000 full-text electronic journals and more than 700 electronic databases are available at the U of C. As of 2006, the library system is the sixth largest, by the number of volumes held, in Canada.

It is also home to Canada's second-largest research library, which ranks first in volumes per student, with over 10. 6 million and access to more than 530, 000 electronic books and 1, 400 electronic databases.

The Westland Public Library offers books, magazines, CDs, playaways, videos, DVDs and electronic materials through access to subscription databases.

They provide access to more than 100 electronic databases and more than 47, 500 electronic journals.

The university library is spread over four locations, and holds, in total, 2. 78 million books, 26, 000 print and electronic journals, 850 databases and 6, 000 electronic books: making it one of the largest research libraries in the UK.

Electronic navigational charts, which use computer software and electronic databases to provide navigation information, can augment or in some cases replace paper charts, though many mariners carry paper charts as a backup in case the electronic charting system fails.