With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

* c. 2494 BCE: End of Fourth Dynasty, start of Fifth Dynasty in Egypt.

* c. 2494 BCE – 2345 BCE: " Sculptors at work ", relief from Saqqara, Fifth Dynasty.

* c. 2613 BC – 2494 BC: The Great Sphinx at Giza is built.

He ties this in with his conclusions that the Sphinx, the Sphinx temple, the Causeway and the Khafra mortuary temple are all part of a complex which predates Dynasty IV ( c. 2613 – 2494 BC ).

The obelisk was originally erected at Heliopolis by an unknown pharaoh of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt ( c. 2494 BC – 2345 BC ).

Offerings to King Unas ( c. 2494 – 2345 BC ) were recorded as

* Kanada ( c. 600 BCE ), founded the philosophical school of Vaisheshika, gave theory of atomism

* Kapila ( c. 500 BCE ), proponent of the Samkhya system of philosophy

* Pingala ( c. 500 BCE ), author of the Chandas shastra

* Chanakya ( c. 350-c. 275 BCE ), author of Arthashastra, professor ( acharya ) of political science at the Takshashila University

* Patañjali ( c. 200 BCE ), developed the philosophy of Raja Yoga in his Yoga Sutras.

* Bādarāyaņa ( c. 200 BCE ), author of Brahma Sutras, expounding Advaita Vedanta.

* Ay ( reigned c. 1323 – 1319 or 1327 – 1323 BCE ), a pharaoh of ancient Egypt

With the discovery of the Dead Sea scroll, 4QDan < sup > c </ sup > at Qumran, dating 125 BCE, it does not reassure critics that Daniel was written in the 2nd century BCE.

There are three main versions of the Book of Daniel: the twelve-chapter version preserved in the Masoretic text and two longer Greek versions ( the original Septuagint version, c. 100 BCE, and the later Theodotion version, c. 2nd century CE ).

All eight manuscripts were copied within 175 years, ranging from 125 BCE ( 4QDan < sup > c </ sup >) to about 50 CE ( 4QDan < sup > b </ sup >).

On the death of Ahaz, c. 715 BCE, his son Hezekiah followed a policy which Isaiah saw as dangerous, waging war on the Philistine cities and on Edom even though territory under direct Assyrian control ( i. e., the former kingdom of Israel ) now came to within a few miles of Jerusalem.

The first was the late 7th century Deuteronomistic reform of official Judean religion under king Josiah, who banned many elements of the old polytheistic cult from the Temple, and the sudden collapse of Assyria and the rise of Babylon to take its place ; the second was exile of the royal court, the priests and other members of the ruling elite following the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem c. 586 BCE.

Modern scholarly thinking is that the books originated by combining a number of independent texts of various ages when the larger Deuteronomistic history ( the Former Prophets plus Deuteronomy ) was being composed in the period c. 630-540 BCE.

The Book ( s ) of Kings (-the two books were originally one ) presents a narrative history of ancient Israel and Judah from the death of David to the release of his successor Jehoiachin from imprisonment in Babylon, a period of some 400 years ( c. 960-560 BCE ).

According to the information given in the book, Ezekiel ben-Buzi was born into a priestly family of Jerusalem c. 623 BCE, during the reign of the reforming king Josiah.

However, Empedocles of Acragas ( c. 495-c. 435 BCE ) selected four archai for his four roots: Air, fire, water, and earth.

Other known maps of the ancient world include the Minoan " House of the Admiral " wall painting from c. 1600 BCE, showing a seaside community in an oblique perspective and an engraved map of the holy Babylonian city of Nippur, from the Kassite period ( 14th12th centuries BCE ).

His life is conventionally dated to c. 1040 – 970 BCE, his reign over Judah c. 1010 – 1002 BCE, and his reign over the United Kingdom of Israel c. 1002 – 970 BCE.

This would make it a language family about as old as Indo-European ( 4000 to 7, 000 BC according to several hypotheses cited in Mallory 1997: 106 ) but considerably younger than Afroasiatic ( c. 10, 000 BC according to Diakonoff 1988: 33n, 11, 000 to 16, 000 BC according to Ehret 2002: 35 – 36 ).

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā ( Persian پور سينا Pur-e Sina " son of Sina "; c. 980 – 1037 ), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived.

** Xun Zi ( c. 312 BC – 230 BC )

** Gongsun Long ( c. 325 BC – c. 250 BC )

: Melissus of Samos ( c 470 BC – unknown )

* Gotama ( c. 2nd – 3rd century CE ), wrote Jaimini, author of Purva Mimamsa Sutras.

* Bhartrihari ( c 450 – 510 CE ), early figure in Indic linguistic theory

* Bodhidharma ( c. 440 – 528 CE ), founder of the Zen school of Buddhism

** Mani ( c. 216 AD – 276 AD )

* 1897 – Jandamarra, Indigenous-Australian resistance leader ( b. c. 1873 )

:::::::::: i. Valerius Adelphius Bassus ( c. 360 – aft.

This corresponds to a speed of around 0. 05 c. There is surprisingly small variation around this energy, due to the heavy dependence of the half-life of this process on the energy produced ( see equations in the Geiger – Nuttall law ).

Aurelius Ambrosius, better known in English as Saint Ambrose ( c. 330 – 4 April 397 ), was an archbishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century.

* Pope Adrian IV ( c. 1100 – 1159 ), English pope

* Pope Adrian V ( c. 1205 – 1276 )

* Adrian Willaert ( c. 1490 – 1562 ), Flemish composer of the Renaissance and founder of the Venetian School

Alain de Lille ( or Alanus ab Insulis ) ( c. 1116 / 1117 – 1202 / 1203 ), French theologian and poet, was born in Lille, some years before 1128.

* Albert I of Brandenburg ( c. 1100 – 1170 ), first Margrave of Brandenburg

* Albert I, Count of Namur ( c. 950 – 1011 ), a Belgian count

* Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel ( c. 1250 – 1300 )

Albert the Bear (; c. 1100 – 18 November 1170 ) was the first Margrave of Brandenburg ( as Albert I ) from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142.