With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

This would make it a language family about as old as Indo-European ( 4000 to 7, 000 BC according to several hypotheses cited in Mallory 1997: 106 ) but considerably younger than Afroasiatic ( c. 10, 000 BC according to Diakonoff 1988: 33n, 11, 000 to 16, 000 BC according to Ehret 2002: 35 – 36 ).

The resulting family now includes 9 subfamilies, 126 genera, and c. 4000 species:

The Ubaid culture gives way to the Uruk period from c. 4000 BC.

* c. 4000 BC — First neolithic settlers in the island of Thera ( Santorini ), Greece, migrating probably from Minoan Crete.

* c. 4000 BC — Beaker from Susa ( modern Shush, Iran ) is made.

* c. 4000 – 2000 BC — People and animals, a detail of rock-shelter painting in Cogul, Lleida, Spain, are painted.

* c. 4000 – 3000 BC — Austronesian peoples reach Formosa ( Taiwan ) having crossed 150 km from China using advanced maritime technology.

* c. 4000 BC — potter's wheel in Sumer.

* Badari culture on the Nile ( c. 4400 – 4000 BC )

Like its Chalcolithic neighbor Uruk, Susa began as a discrete settlement in the Susa I period ( c 4000 BCE ).

Uruk gave its name to the Uruk period, the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia spanning c. 4000 to 3100 BC, succeeded by the Jemdet Nasr period of Sumer proper.

The Anu Ziggurat began with a massive mound topped by a cella during the Uruk period c 4000 BC and was expanded through 14 phases of construction, labeled L to A < sub > 3 </ sub > ( L is sometimes called X ).

Despite the Norse settlers ' constant struggle, at Norse Greenland's peak at c. 1126 the inhabitants numbered between 2000 and 4000.

The oldest known canals were built in Mesopotamia c. 4000 BCE, in what is now modern day Iraq and Syria.

A grave at Puyang ( c. 4000 BC ) that contains mosaics — actually a Chinese star map of the Dragon and Tiger asterisms and Beidou ( the Big Dipper, Ladle or Bushel )— is oriented along a north-south axis.

* c. 4000 BC, Liangzhu culture in China.

* c. 4000 BC, More than 100 dwellings surrounding a community center, a cemetery and a kiln are built in Jiangzhai, near modern Xi ' an, China.

Villages with domesticated cattle, sheep, and goats and evidence of agriculture began as early as 6000 BC, and gradually developed between c. 4000 and 1500 BC beginning with the Indus Valley Civilization and Harappa Culture to the Vedic period ; extending into the Iron Age.

Ussher's proposed date of 4004 BC differed little from other Biblically based estimates, such as those of Jose ben Halafta ( 3761 BC ), Bede ( 3952 BC ), Ussher's near-contemporary Scaliger ( 3949 BC ), Johannes Kepler ( 3992 BC ) or Sir Isaac Newton ( c. 4000 BC ).

The Ubaid culture had a long duration beginning before 5300 BC and lasting until the beginning of the Uruk period, c. 4000 BC.

The duration of the Neolithic varies from place to place, its end marked by the introduction of bronze implements: in southeast Europe it is approximately 4000 years ( i. e., 7000 BC – 3000 BC ) while in Northwest Europe it is just under 3000 years ( c. 4500 BC – 1700 BC ).

A Neolithic chambered tomb at Penywyrlod, Talgarth ( c. 4000 BC ) was discovered in June 1972 by a farmer when clearing a stone mound from a field for use as hard-standing in the farmyard.

The theory that the first British farmers ( c. 4000 BC ) had the knowledge and ability to make ale from their crops with their pottery appears to be controversial and not yet widely discussed by the archaeological community.

Before that time, at the peak of the last ice age ( c. 16, 000 BC ) sea levels everywhere were 130 metres lower, and there were large well-watered coastal plains instead of much of the northern Aegean.

The present coastal arrangement appeared c. 7000 BC, with post-ice age sea levels continuing to rise for another 3, 000 years after that.

The Dying Gaul c. 230 BC, a Roman copy of a Greek statue commemorating the victory over the Celtic Galatia ns in Anatolia.

Map of ancient Egypt, showing major cities and sites of the Dynastic period ( c. 3150 BC to 30 BC )

** Xun Zi ( c. 312 BC – 230 BC )

** Gongsun Long ( c. 325 BC – c. 250 BC )

** Sunzi ( c. 500 BC )

: Anaximenes of Miletus ( c. 585-c. 525 BC )

Alexander of Hales ( c. 1185 — 1245 ) ( also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius ) also called Doctor Irrefragibilis ( by Pope Alexander IV in the Bull De Fontibus Paradisi ) and Theologorum Monarcha was a theologian and philosopher important in the development of Scholasticism and of the Franciscan School.

* SV — Save: number of games where the pitcher enters a game led by the pitcher's team, finishes the game without surrendering the lead, is not the winning pitcher, and either ( a ) the lead was three runs or fewer when the pitcher entered the game ; ( b ) the potential tying run was on base, at bat, or on deck ; or ( c ) the pitcher pitched three or more innings

How Gerrymandering can influence electoral results on a Voting system # Nonproportional and semiproportional methods | non-proportional system. Example for a state with 3 equally sized districts, 15 voters and 2 parties: Plum ( squares ) and Orange ( circles ). In ( a ), creating 3 mixed-type districts yields a 3 – 0 win to Plum — a disproportional result considering the state-wide 9: 6 Plum majority. In ( b ), Orange wins the urban district while Plum wins the rural districts — the 2-1 result reflects the state-wide vote ratio. In ( c ), gerrymandering techniques ensure a 2-1 win to the state-wide minority Orange party.

Here, according to an allegorical parable, " The Choice of Heracles ", invented by the sophist Prodicus ( c. 400 BC ) and reported in Xenophon's Memorabilia 2. 1. 21-34, he was visited by two nymphs — Pleasure and Virtue — who offered him a choice between a pleasant and easy life or a severe but glorious life: he chose the latter.

An early work, She ' iltot (" Questions ") by Achai of Shabcha ( c. 752 ), discusses over 190 Mitzvot — exploring and addressing various questions on these.

* The Shulchan Aruch HaRav of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi ( c. 1800 ) was an attempt to recodify the law as it stood at that time — incorporating commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch, and subsequent responsa — and thus stating the decided halakha, as well as the underlying reasoning.

The military exploits of the first three rulers — Chandragupta I ( c. 319 – 335 ), Samudragupta ( c. 335 – 376 ), and Chandragupta II ( c. 376 – 415 ) — brought much of India under their leadership.

So the parameters are: a — distance from center C to either vertex b — length of a perpendicular segment from each vertex to the asymptotes c — distance from center C to either Focus point, F < sub > 1 </ sub > and F < sub > 2 </ sub >, and θ — angle formed by each asymptote with the transverse axis.

Lucius Apuleius ( c. 123 — c.

1138 — 1193 ) holding Guy of Lusignan ( c. 1150 – 1194 ) captive in golden chains.

Moses also appears in other religious texts such as the Mishnah ( c. 200 AD ), Midrash ( AD 200 – 1200 ), and the Qur ' an ( c. 610 — 653 ).

* Yale University — D. Sc ( h. c .), 1959