The concept of cruising for pleasure was popularized in the nineteenth century, by several widely read authors and books: John MacGregor, 1866, A Thousand Miles in a Rob Roy Canoe ; Robert Louis Stevenson, 1877, An Inland Voyage ; and Nathaniel H. Bishop, 1879, Four Months in a Sneakbox.

The concept is also important in Animal rights advocate Richard Ryder ’ s rejection of utilitarianism in which he talks of the ‘ boundary of the individual ’, through which neither pain nor pleasure may pass.

This concept of pleasure and pain is defined by Bentham as physical as well as spiritual.

Using these measurements, he reviews the concept of punishment and when it should be used as far as whether a punishment will create more pleasure or more pain for a society.

He argues that the concept of the individual pursuing his or her own happiness cannot be necessarily declared " right ", because often these individual pursuits can lead to greater pain and less pleasure for the society as a whole.

In the United States the concept of preserving landscapes for the pleasure of the people was established on June 30, 1864, when President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill creating the Yosemite Grant.

In the parent-child concept, tickling establishes at an early age the pleasure associated with being touched by a parent with a trust-bond developed so that parents may touch a child, in an unpleasant way, should circumstances develop such as the need to treat a painful injury or prevent harm from danger.

This concept strikes a sharp contrast with the words " hedonism " and even " pleasure " in English today ; the former implies wanton pursuit of pleasure with disregard to all else, and the latter has no inherent connotations that extend the meaning beyond the immediate experiences it describes.

Frith ( 2004, p. 17-9 ) argued that "' bad music ' is a necessary concept for musical pleasure, for musical aesthetics.

In his Seminar " The Ethics of Psychoanalysis " ( 1959 – 1960 ) Lacan develops his concept of the opposition of jouissance and pleasure.

Work – life balance is a broad concept including proper prioritizing between " work " ( career and ambition ) on one hand and " life " ( Health, pleasure, leisure, family and spiritual development ) on the other.

Nietzsche began to expand on the concept of Machtgelüst in The Gay Science ( 1882 ), where in a section titled “ On the doctrine of the feeling of power ,” he connects the desire for cruelty with the pleasure in the feeling of power.

The use of music led to Cosey's interest in the concept of ' acceptable ' music and she went on to explore the use of sound as a means of physical pleasure or pain.

Simon Frith ( 2004, p. 17-9 ) argues that, "' bad music ' is a necessary concept for musical pleasure, for musical aesthetics.

For him, its purpose is to “ move the reader to pleasure and delight in the perception of the believable images .” Essentially, for Mazzoni, the purpose of poetry is recreation and pleasure ; however, he also attaches a concept he calls “ civil faculty .” In part, this has to do with the idea that taking a break from serious business ( i. e., by creating or consuming poetry ) allows one to return to that business afterwards with renewed enthusiasm.

Heard writes ( p. 226 ) this stage is characterized by " the basic humanic concept of a mankind that is completely self-seeking because it is completely individualized into separate physiques that can have direct knowledge of only their own private pain and pleasure, inferring but faintly the feelings of others.

He describes pain and pleasure very much like a push-pull concept ; human beings will move towards something that causes pleasure and will move away from something that causes pain.

The review concluded, " Miss Christie has several surprises up her sleeve besides the main one, and ( this much may be said without spoiling the reader ’ s pleasure ) she once again breaks new ground by creating a weak and kindly murderer who is yet responsible for the deaths of three people: that such a character should, in the last analysis, seem credible, is a tribute to the author ’ s psychological acumen and originality of concept.

While those cases involved the first known common law causes of action based on a modern concept of trade secret laws, neither involved injunctive relief ; rather, they involved damages only.

However, Nimoy would express relief in later interviews and appearances that when he explained the concept to William Shatner, he understood it immediately, and Nimoy credits Shatner's reaction to the nerve pinch in the episode as what really sold it.

His success as a reliever helped the gradual change in usage patterns of pitchers, and the popularity of the concept of a " relief ace.

Though the TV series concept centered on the Robinson family, many storylines focused primarily on Dr. Zachary Smith ( Jonathan Harris ) who is a medical doctor, originally an utterly evil would-be killer who became a sympathetic anti-hero by the end of the first season, providing comic relief to the TV show ( and causing most of the episodic conflict ).

The basic concept of relief printing.

International development is related to the concept of international aid, but is distinct from, though conceptually related to, disaster relief and humanitarian aid.

The latter is more faithful to Cooper's Scout concept, and the Steyr-Mannlicher rifle can be ordered from the factory with a low-magnification Leupold scope with long eye relief.

Singaporean artist Baet Yoke Kuan created a three dimensional relief work on the large columns that support the Circle Line sector of the station, inspired by the concept ' man and the environment '.

Conditionality is a concept in international development, political economy and international relations which describes the use of conditions attached to a loan, debt relief, bilateral aid or membership of international organizations, typically by the international financial institutions, regional organizations or donor countries.

The concept of protection was central to UNBRO's purpose in Thailand, as it was the victimization by war of Cambodian civilians that motivated the establishment of the border relief operation in the first place.

In philosophy, religion, mythology, and fiction, the afterlife ( also referred to as life after death, or Hereafter ) is the concept of a realm, or the realm itself ( whether physical or transcendental ), in which an essential part of an individual's identity or consciousness continues to reside after the death of the body in the individual's lifetime.

I think religion serves a lot of different purposes in people's lives, and I can recognize the value of that, you know, the value of ceremony, the value of community, or even just having a forum to get together and talk about ideas, about morals – that's a cool concept.

The element air also appears as a concept in the Buddhist religion which has an ancient history in China.

Citizenship as a concept is generally hard to isolate intellectually and compare with related political notions, since it relates to many other aspects of society such as the family, military service, the individual, freedom, religion, ideas of right and wrong, ethnicity, and patterns for how a person should behave in society.

Judaism does not believe in the Christian concept of hell but does have a punishment stage in the afterlife ( i. e. Gehenna, the New Testament word translated as hell ) as well as a Heaven ( Gan Eden ), but the religion does not intend it as a focus.

The same concept is true for ethics and religion, as these concepts are at their core biological and evolutionary.

that which upholds, supports or maintains the regulatory order of the universe ) means Law or Natural Law and is a concept of central importance in Indian philosophy and religion.

Indeed, their language possessed no single term corresponding to the modern European concept of religion.

This concept can be explained from the perspective of psychology, philosophy, sociology, and religion.

According to Greg M. Epstein, " ' do unto others ' ... is a concept that essentially no religion misses entirely.

To Rousseau we owe the invention of the concept of a " civil religion ", one of whose key tenets is religious toleration.

Dewey's most significant writings were " The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology " ( 1896 ), a critique of a standard psychological concept and the basis of all his further work ; Democracy and Education ( 1916 ), his celebrated work on progressive education ; Human Nature and Conduct ( 1922 ), a study of the function of habit in human behavior ; The Public and its Problems ( 1927 ), a defense of democracy written in response to Walter Lippmann's The Phantom Public ( 1925 ); Experience and Nature ( 1925 ), Dewey's most " metaphysical " statement ; Art as Experience ( 1934 ), Dewey's major work on aesthetics ; A Common Faith ( 1934 ), a humanistic study of religion originally delivered as the Dwight H. Terry Lectureship at Yale ; Logic: The Theory of Inquiry ( 1938 ), a statement of Dewey's unusual conception of logic ; Freedom and Culture ( 1939 ), a political work examining the roots of fascism ; and Knowing and the Known ( 1949 ), a book written in conjunction with Arthur F. Bentley that systematically outlines the concept of trans-action, which is central to his other works.

Justice is a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, or equity.

With us of course it is the Judeo-Christian concept, but it must be a religion with all men created equal.

Supporters of the Judeo-Christian concept point to the Christian claim that Christianity is the heir to Biblical Judaism, and that the whole logic of Christianity as a religion is that it exists ( only ) as a religion built upon Judaism.

The original Hindu concept of karma was later enhanced by several other movements within the religion, most notably Vedanta, and Tantra.

The Mesoamerican had the concept of god and religion, but were very different from Abrahamic concepts.

The concept of theodicy was expanded mainly with the thought of Weber and his addition of ethical considerations to the subject of religion.

As an old religion, Hinduism inherits religious concepts spanning monotheism, polytheism, panentheism, pantheism, monism, and atheism among others ; and its concept of God is complex and depends upon each individual and the tradition and philosophy followed.

Another key psychohistorical concept is that of group fantasy, which deMause regards as a mediating force between a psychoclass's collective childhood experiences ( and the psychic conflicts emerging therefrom ), and the psychoclass's behavior in politics, religion and other aspects of social life.

One modern academic theory of religion, social constructionism, says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all spiritual practice and worship follows a model similar to the Abrahamic religions as an orientation system that helps to interpret reality and define human beings, and thus religion, as a concept, has been applied inappropriately to non-Western cultures that are not based upon such systems, or in which these systems are a substantially simpler construct.