300pxAn oxime is a chemical compound belonging to the imines, with the general formula R < sup > 1 </ sup > R < sup > 2 </ sup > C = NOH, where R < sup > 1 </ sup > is an organic side chain and R < sup > 2 </ sup > may be hydrogen, forming an aldoxime, or another organic group, forming a ketoxime.

Settled phosphors, as generally used in image intensifiers, have low optical contact with the substrate surface, hence Af shall be assumed.

* Optical aberration, an imperfection in image formation by an optical system

Aberration leads to blurring of the image produced by an image-forming optical system.

The elementary theory of optical systems leads to the theorem: Rays of light proceeding from any object point unite in an image point ; and therefore an object space is reproduced in an image space.

Math., 1858 ) and Ernst Abbe showed that the properties of these reproductions, i. e. the relative position and magnitude of the images, are not special properties of optical systems, but necessary consequences of the supposition ( in Abbe ) of the reproduction of all points of a space in image points ( Maxwell assumes a less general hypothesis ), and are independent of the manner in which the reproduction is effected.

Therefore, four loose families of more-efficient light transport modelling techniques have emerged: rasterization, including scanline rendering, geometrically projects objects in the scene to an image plane, without advanced optical effects ; ray casting considers the scene as observed from a specific point-of-view, calculating the observed image based only on geometry and very basic optical laws of reflection intensity, and perhaps using Monte Carlo techniques to reduce artifacts ; and ray tracing is similar to ray casting, but employs more advanced optical simulation, and usually uses Monte Carlo techniques to obtain more realistic results at a speed that is often orders of magnitude slower.

These lenses are analogous to but different from the glass lenses of an optical microscope that form a magnified image by focusing light on or through the specimen.

Alternatively, the image can be photographically recorded by exposing a photographic film or plate directly to the electron beam, or a high-resolution phosphor may be coupled by means of a lens optical system or a fibre optic light-guide to the sensor of a CCD ( charge-coupled device ) camera.

Just inside the perforations, on the left side of the image, is the analog optical soundtrack, with two channels encoded using Dolby Analog SR | Dolby SR noise reduction that can be dematrixed into four channels using Dolby Pro Logic.

The optical timecode used to synchronize a Digital Theater System | DTS soundtrack, which sits between the optical soundtrack and the image, is not pictured.

Some of these instruments produce a virtual image when applied to the human eye ; others produce a real image which can be captured on photographic film or an optical sensor, or can be viewed on a screen.

Dispersion staining is an optical technique that results in a colored image of a colorless object.

However, blurring is not caused by random processes, such as light scattering, but can be well defined by the optical properties of the image formation in the microscope imaging system.

Serial time encoded amplified microscopy ( STEAM ) is an imaging method that provides ultrafast shutter speed and frame rate, by using optical image amplification to circumvent the fundamental trade-off between sensitivity and speed, and a single-pixel photodetector to eliminate the need for a detector array and readout time limitations The method is at least 1000 times faster than the state-of-the-art CCD and CMOS cameras.

The first is to utilize the shorter wavelength of ultraviolet electromagnetic energy to improve the image resolution beyond that of the diffraction limit of standard optical microscopes.

In transmission mode, the phase shift image provides a label-free quantitative measurement of the optical thickness of the specimen.

There are many types of microscopes, the most common and first to be invented is the optical microscope which uses light to image the sample.

NGC 5128 appears in the optical spectrum as a fairly large elliptical galaxy with a prominent dust lane.

Fornax A is a radio galaxy with extensive radio lobes that corresponds to the optical galaxy NGC 1316, a 9th-magnitude galaxy.

One of the closer active galaxies to Earth at a distance of 80 million light-years, Fornax A appears in the optical spectrum as a large elliptical galaxy with dust lanes near its core.

USNO-B1. 0 is an all-sky catalog created by research and operations astrophysicists at the U. S. Naval Observatory ( as developed at the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station ), that presents positions, proper motions, magnitudes in various optical passbands, and star / galaxy estimators for 1, 042, 618, 261 objects derived from 3, 643, 201, 733 separate observations.

Thus Jansky suspected that the hiss originated well beyond the Earth's atmosphere, and by comparing his observations with optical astronomical maps, Jansky concluded that the radiation was coming from the Milky Way Galaxy and was strongest in the direction of the center of the galaxy, in the constellation of Sagittarius.

Once the GRB faded, deep imaging was able to identify a faint, distant host galaxy at the location of the GRB as pinpointed by the optical afterglow.

Quasars were originally ' quasi-stellar ' in optical images, and so had optical luminosities that were greater than that of their host galaxy.

By comparing his observations with optical astronomical maps, Jansky concluded that the radiation was coming from the Milky Way and was strongest in the direction of the center the galaxy, in the constellation of Sagittarius.

X-ray image of NGC 6240 taken with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, superimposed on an optical image of the galaxy.

Any dust formed within the galaxy is destroyed within 46 million years by the X-ray emission from the core, although optical filaments of dust have been observed.

In 1972 a few variable optical and radio sources were grouped together and proposed as a new class of galaxy: BL Lacertae-type objects.

The optical transient was detected 15 ". 9 west and 16 ". 8 north the center of the galaxy at coordinates 00 55 04. 86-37 41 43. 7.

As a result, optical galaxy catalogues are usually very incomplete close to the galactic plane.

The maximum angular size of the galaxy in the optical band is 11 ′. 1 × 4 ′. 6, and it is inclined 75 ° to the line of sight.

The galaxy is also emitting a diffuse soft X-ray radiation within 10 kpc of the optical galaxy.

The neutral hydrogen in this galaxy occupies in a volume similar to its optical extent, and is distributed in a squashed, uneven ring.

In 1951, Cygnus A, along with Cassiopeia A, and Puppis A were the first " radio stars " identified with an optical source, of these, Cygnus A became the first radio galaxy ; the other two being nebulae inside the Milky Way.

The standard model is similar to other models, but the 87 Target has a longer barrel and slide, can accept optical sights, and is single action only.

At the regional cable television headend | headend, the TV channels are sent multiplexed on a light beam which travels through optical fiber trunklines, which fan out from distribution hubs to optical nodes in local communities.

A petrographic microscope, which is a optical microscope fitted with cross-Polarizer | polarizing lenses, a conoscopy | conoscopic lens, and compensators ( plates of anisotropic materials ; gypsum plates and quartz wedges are common ), for crystallographic analysis.

A lump of hafnium which has been oxidized on one side and exhibits Thin-film optics | thin film optical effects.

Colt ACR / M16A2E2 fitted with C79 optical sight | ELCAN C79 scope ( second from top to bottom )

File: Joseph von Fraunhofer. jpg | Joseph von Fraunhofer, ( 1787-1826 ): first to studied the dark lines of the Sun ’ s spectrum, now known as Fraunhofer lines, first to use extensively the diffraction grating ( a device that disperses light more effectively than a prism does ), set the stage for the development of spectroscopy, making optical glass and achromatic telescope objectives.

spectral line | Absorption lines in the visible spectrum | optical spectrum of a supercluster of distant galaxies ( right ), as compared to absorption lines in the optical spectrum of the Sun ( left ).

Multiwavelength X-ray, infrared, and optical compilation image of Johannes Kepler | Kepler's supernova remnant, SN 1604.

Construction schematic of a Prussian optical telegraph ( or Semaphore line | semaphore ) tower, C. 1835

The Blue Gene / P supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory | Argonne National Lab runs over 250, 000 processors using normal data center air conditioning, grouped in 72 racks / cabinets connected by a high-speed optical network

White light is dispersion ( optics ) | dispersed by a triangular prism ( optics ) | prism into the colors of the optical spectrum.

Sun Halo ( optical phenomenon ) | halo at 41st parallel south | latitude 41 degrees south

A photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats ( or " quad track ") — from left to right: Sony Dynamic Digital Sound | SDDS ( blue area to the left of the sprocket holes ), Dolby Digital ( grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the Dolby " Double-D " logo in the middle ), analog optical sound ( the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes ), and the Digital Theater System | DTS time code ( the dashed line to the far right ).

Shown is a single optical section made with a Confocal laser scanning microscopy | confocal microscope.

A photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats ( or " quad track ")- from left to right: SDDS ( blue area to the left of the sprocket holes ), Dolby Digital ( grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the Dolby " Double-D " logo in the middle ), analog optical sound ( the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes ), and the Digital Theater System | DTS time code ( the dashed line to the far right.