4-Both cells recircularize their plasmids, synthesize second strands, and reproduce pili ; both cells are now viable donors.

4-Both cells recircularize their plasmids, synthesize second strands, and reproduce pili ; both cells are now viable donors.

* cells of the digestive system that synthesize gastric inhibitory polypeptide

Tumor cells require an ample amount of ATP ( Adenosine triphosphate ) in order to synthesize bioactive compounds such as lipids, proteins, and nucleotides for rapid cell proliferation.

The epidermal cells of the primary shoot are thought to be the only plant cells with the biochemical capacity to synthesize cutin.

The vaccine DNA is injected into the cells of the body, where the " inner machinery " of the host cells " reads " the DNA and uses it to synthesize the pathogen's proteins.

Fat and liver cells can synthesize and store triglycerides.

It has been recently demonstrated that erythrocytes can also synthesize nitric oxide enzymatically, using L-arginine as substrate, just like endothelial cells.

Because of the lack of nuclei and organelles, mature red blood cells do not contain DNA and cannot synthesize any RNA, and consequently cannot divide and have limited repair capabilities.

Somatotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland then synthesize and secrete GH in a pulsatile manner, in response to these stimuli by the hypothalamus.

The lens epithelial cells elongate, lose contact with the capsule and epithelium, synthesize crystallin, and then finally lose their nuclei ( enucleate ) as they become mature lens fibers.

This is possible because myeloma cells have lost the ability to synthesize hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase ( HGPRT ), an enzyme necessary for the salvage synthesis of nucleic acids.

The thyroid epithelial cells take up iodine and amino acids from the blood circulation on the basolateral side, synthesize thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase from amino acids and secrete these into the thyroid follicles together with iodine.

The walls of the afferent arteriole contain specialized smooth muscle cells that synthesize renin.

Cells that synthesize melanins are called melanocytes, and also the retinal pigment epithelium cells, whereas cells that have merely engulfed the melanosomes are called melanophages.

The concentration of LPL displayed on endothelial cell surface cannot be regulated by endothelial cells, as they neither synthesize nor degrade LPL.

These condrogenic cells will then differentiate to chondroblasts which will then to synthesize the cartilage ECM ( extra cellular matrix ).

Selective growth media are also used in cell culture to ensure the survival or proliferation of cells with certain properties, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to synthesize a certain metabolite.

By contrast, in vivo experiments on proteins ' activities within cells or even within whole organisms can provide complementary information about where a protein functions and how it is regulated.

Double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all cells.

The two are the result of an experiment in genetic recombination in which two parent cells were separated into complementary haploid gametes, and recombined into two embryos.

This process is known as complementary chromatic adaptation and is a way for the cells to maximize the use of available light for photosynthesis.

Schematic diagram indicating the complementary activities of cytotoxic T-cells and NK cells.

Refined ultrastructural studies showed the protein occurred in a complementary fashion in both cells participating in a gap junction plaque.

A complementary mechanism is partly dependent on syntheses of other cells.

A cDNA library is a combination of cloned cDNA ( complementary DNA ) fragments inserted into a collection of host cells, which together constitute some portion of the transcriptome of the organism.

If possible, cells use the unmodified complementary strand of the DNA or the sister chromatid as a template to recover the original information.

The Young – Helmholtz theory is still usually seen as the most effective in modeling human color vision, though the color vision system is far more complex than differences in the retina alone, with different cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus also responding in opponent fashion to complementary colors, and further color coding occurs in the visual cortex.

This " loaded " MHC II may be recognized by complementary T cells that are then stimulated to release cytokines.

In situ hybridization ( ISH ) is a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA or RNA strand ( i. e., probe ) to localize a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a portion or section of tissue ( in situ ), or, if the tissue is small enough ( e. g. plant seeds, Drosophila embryos ), in the entire tissue ( whole mount ISH ), in cells and in circulating tumor cells ( CTCs ).

Some cells become senescent after fewer replication cycles as a result of DNA double strand breaks, toxins, etc.

There are many helicases ( 14 confirmed in E. coli, 24 in human cells ) resulting from the great variety of processes in which strand separation must be catalyzed.

As PGD is performed on single cells, PCR has to be adapted and pushed to its physical limits, and use the minimum amount of template possible: one strand.

The same nanobots that would lower the levels of SP2 protein inside the patient's stem cells could also repair the long-term damage to the person's DNA strand so that his / her descendants are less likely to acquire cancer and / other diseases in the first place.

# Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating between base pairs of the DNA / RNA strand, thus preventing the replication of rapidly-growing cancer cells.

This is based on the fact that every strand of hair is biologically keratinized skin cells organized in layers overlapping one another. However, this description is no longer accurate.

Typically, a host is infected via an active invasion by the parasites ( similar to entosis ), which divide to produce sporozoites that enter its cells.

Specific cortical cells produce particular hormones including aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens such as androstenedione.

They support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.

Evidence suggests that bone cells produce growth factors for extracellular storage in the bone matrix.

The electrons pass into the cells and are used in biochemical processes to produce energy for the bacteria while reducing oxygen to water.

Under stressful environmental conditions, the cells produce oval endospores that can stay dormant for extended periods.

In very severe myelosuppression, which occurs in some regimens, almost all the bone marrow stem cells ( cells that produce white and red blood cells ) are destroyed, meaning allogenic or autologous bone marrow cell transplants are necessary.

Cilia of eukaryotic cells can also produce chemotaxis ; in this case it is mainly a Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > dependent induction of the microtubular system of the basal body and the beat of the 9 + 2 microtubules within cilia.

Acetate is used by the muscle cells to produce acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, and the acetyl-CoA is then used in the citric acid cycle.

It is generally believed by scientists working in the field that as results from various preparation techniques have been compared and that there is no reason that they should all produce similar artifacts, it is reasonable to believe that electron microscopy features correspond with those of living cells.

Some members of the Enterobacteriaceae family produce a systemic infection into the blood stream when all the dead bacterial cells release their endotoxins.

Flowering plants do not produce flagellate cells, but ferns, mosses, green algae, some gymnosperms and other closely related plants do.

Likewise, most fungi do not produce cells with flagellae, but the primitive fungal chytrids do.

The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.

Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as long as these inputs are supplied.

Individual fuel cells produce relatively small electrical potentials, about 0. 7 volts, so cells are " stacked ", or placed in series, to increase the voltage and meet an application ’ s requirements.

In addition to electricity, fuel cells produce water, heat and, depending on the fuel source, very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide and other emissions.

The sequence of nucleotides in a gene is translated by cells to produce a chain of amino acids, creating proteins — the order of amino acids in a protein corresponds to the order of nucleotides in the gene.

To release active hormones quickly into the circulation, hormone biosynthetic cells may produce and store biologically inactive hormones in the form of pre-or prohormones.

The base of the root is called the bulb, which contains the cells that produce the hair shaft.