Albedo (), or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo " whiteness " ( or reflected sunlight ), in turn from albus " white ", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface.

The Latin author Apuleius was born in Madaurus ( Mdaourouch ), in what later became Algeria.

The English word alphabet came into Middle English from the Late Latin word alphabetum, which in turn originated in the Greek ἀλφάβητος ( alphabētos ), from alpha and beta, the first two letters of the Greek alphabet.

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

The largest alphabets in the narrow sense include Kabardian and Abkhaz ( for Cyrillic ), with 58 and 56 letters, respectively, and Slovak ( for the Latin script ), with 46.

An abbot ( from Old English abbod, abbad, from Latin abbas (“ father ”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς ( abbas ), from Aramaic ܐܒܐ / אבא (’ abbā, “ father ”); confer German Abt ; French abbé ) is the head and chief governor of a community of monks, called also in the East hegumen or archimandrite.

Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton ( arkhi -, chief + tekton, builder ), i. e. chief builder.

Latin Americans also may employ the term norteamericano ( North American ), which conflates the United States, Canada and Mexico.

This Ecumenical council declared that Jesus Christ was a distinct being of God in existence or reality ( hypostasis ), which the Latin fathers translated as persona.

Jesus was God in essence, being and or nature ( ousia ), which the Latin fathers translated as substantia.

The meat of this mollusk is considered a delicacy in certain parts of Latin America ( especially Chile ), France, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, and East Asia ( especially in China, Japan, and Korea ).

In the Catholic Church ( both the Latin Rite and Eastern Catholic ), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic and Anglican abbeys, the mode of election, position, rights, and authority of an abbess correspond generally with those of an abbot.

As a literary game when Latin was the common property of the literate, Latin anagrams were prominent: two examples are the change of " Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum " ( Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord with you ) into " Virgo serena, pia, munda et immaculata " ( Serene virgin, pious, clean and spotless ), and the anagrammatic answer to Pilate's question, " Quid est veritas?

Galileo announced his discovery that Venus had phases like the Moon in the form " Haec immatura a me iam frustra leguntur-oy " ( Latin: These immature ones have already been read in vain by me-oy ), that is, when rearranged, " Cynthiae figuras aemulatur Mater Amorum " ( Latin: The Mother of Loves Venus imitates the figures of Cynthia the moon ).

As the initial spelling on stones was ' Abrasax ' ( Αβρασαξ ), the spelling of ' Abraxas ' seen today probably originates in the confusion made between the Greek letters Sigma and Xi in the Latin transliteration.

Ammianus relates ( xvii. 1. 11 ) that much later the Emperor Julian undertook a punitive expedition against the Alemanni, who by then were in Alsace, and crossed the Main ( Latin Menus ), entering the forest, where the trails were blocked by felled trees.

Alaric II ( Gothic: Alareiks II ), also known as Alarik, Alarich, and Alarico in Spanish and Portuguese or Alaricus in Latin ( d. 507 ) succeeded his father Euric as king of the Visigoths in Toulouse on December 28, 484.

An exception to this general tendency is his Latin treatise " De falconibus " ( later inserted in the larger work, De Animalibus, as book 23, chapter 40 ), in which he displays impressive actual knowledge of a ) the differences between the birds of prey and the other kinds of birds ; b ) the different kinds of falcons ; c ) the way of preparing them for the hunt ; and d ) the cures for sick and wounded falcons.

The Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum, preserved in Old English in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge ( Manuscript 383 ), and in a Latin compilation known as Quadripartitus, was negotiated later, perhaps in 879 or 880, when King Ceolwulf II of Mercia was deposed.

Afonso II (; English Alphonzo ), or Affonso ( Archaic Portuguese ), Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus ( Latin version ), nicknamed " the Fat " ( Portuguese o Gordo ), King of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city.

* Sedulius Scottus ( 9th century ), Irish teacher, grammarian and Scriptural commentator

), Sedulius, Opera Omnia, Ex Recensione Iohannis Huemer ( Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, 10 ), Wien, 2007, XLVII, 532 S.

In the Life of Alfred ( 893 ), Asser states that the pagans worshipped this Geat himself for a long time as a god, quoting a disdainful verse attributed to Coelius Sedulius ( 5th century ).

Faustino Arevalo ( 1747 – 1824 ), the editor of Coelius Sedulius, expressed his theory that the first three of the five chapters of the Decretum were really the decrees of a Roman council held a century earlier than Gelasius, under Damasus, in 382.

* Sedulius Scottus ( 9th century ), Irish teacher, grammarian and Scriptural commentator

Loki counters that Odin once practiced seiðr on the island of Samsey ( now Samsø, Denmark ), and, appearing as a wizard, traveled among mankind, which Loki condemns as perverse.

* September 22 – September 25 – An Islamic conference in Rabat, Morocco, following the al-Aqsa Mosque fire ( August 21 ), condemns the Israeli claim of ownership of Jerusalem.

In Matthew 6 Jesus condemns doing what would normally be " good works " simply for recognition and not from the heart, such as those of alms ( 6: 1-4 ), prayer ( 6: 5-15 ), and fasting ( 6: 16-18 ).

< http :// www. jstor. org / stable / 335812 >.</ ref > While the postmodern writer condemns escapist literature ( like fantasy, crime, ghost fiction ), he / she is inextricably related to it concerning readership.

Robespierre, supported by Georges Couthon ( Louis Vonelly ) and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just ( Abel Gance ), condemns Danton to death.

The CofCC's statement of principles condemns the Federal government's intervention into state and local affairs in forcing racial integration ( item 2 ), free-trade and globalism, immigration by non-Europeans ( item 2 ), homosexuality, and interracial marriage ( item 6 ).

So, for example, if a pope condemns the teaching of a bishop ( even if both the condemnation and the teaching are fallible ), or if an infallible teaching disagrees with a past fallible teaching.

The organisation condemns racism and has in the past criticized other far-left groups in Australia, such as Solidarity and the Revolutionary Socialist Party ( RSP ), for what they deem capitulating to racism.

Ezekiel dwells repeatedly on offences which the Holiness code condemns, and spends little time concerned with those outside it ( e. g. Leviticus 18: 8-17 in comparison with Ezekiel 22: 10-11 ), and several extensive lists of such parallels exist.

) Whereas Paul acknowledged that the Law of Moses and its observance were good when used correctly (" the law is good, if one uses it lawfully ", ), the Epistle of Barnabas condemns most Jewish practices, claiming that Jews had grossly misunderstood and misapplied the Law of Moses.

Moses ( born c. 16th – 13th Century BC ; 7 Adar 2368 – 7 Adar 2488 in the Hebrew calendar ), an early Biblical Hebrew religious leader, lawgiver, prophet, and military leader, condemns his own people upon finding them worshiping a ' golden calf ' ( a symbol of the previous Age of Taurus and of the worship of the bull deity ) after coming down Mount Sinai.

* In Thesis four ( Sola Fide ), the text asserts We deny that justification rests on any merit to be found in us, or upon the grounds of an infusion of Christ's righteousness in us, or that an institution claiming to be a church that denies or condemns sola fide can be recognized as a legitimate church.

Following North Korea's claimed nuclear test on October 9 ( it was confirmed by the Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte's office on October 16 ), Bush said, " The United States condemns this provocative act.

So, for example, if a pope condemns the teaching of a bishop ( even if both the condemnation and the teaching are fallible ), or if an infallible teaching disagrees with a past fallible teaching.

In particular, it condemns the continued presence of the United States Forces Korea ( USFK ), which it sees as a humiliating vestige of U. S. Imperialism and advocates on behalf of Korean reunification.

The London Declaration for Global Peace and Resistance against Extremism is intended as an interfaith document which unequivocally condemns all extremism and terrorism, ” because at the heart of all religions is a belief in the sanctity of the lives of the innocent .” The Declaration adds: “ The indiscriminate nature of terrorism, which has in recent years killed far more civilians and other non-combatants than it has combatants, is un-Islamic, un-Judaic, un-Christian and it is indeed incompatible with the true teachings of all faiths .” The London Declaration also “ unequivocally condemn anti-Semitism ( including when sometimes it is disingenuously clothed as anti-Zionism ), Islamophobia ( including when it is sometimes disingenuously dressed up as patriotism ) and all other forms of racism and xenophobia .” Some extremists have already tried to prevent the success of the Declaration via cyber-attacks on the website hosting it.