Similar to the view of Leopold Kronecker that " God made the integers ; all else is the work of man ," musicians drawn to the alphorn and other instruments that sound the natural harmonics, such as the natural horn, consider the notes of the natural harmonic series — particularly the 7th and 11th harmonics — to be God's Notes, the remainder of the chromatic scale enabled by keys, valves, slides and other methods of changing the qualities of the simple open pipe being an artifact of mere mortals.

* 1873 – American Indian Wars: while protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the United States 7th Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer clashes for the first time with the Sioux near the Tongue River ; only one man on each side is killed.

They found the baptistry of the 6th century cathedral and large amounts of pottery dated to the 6th and 7th centuries AD ; in other words, the early Christian town.

The first was the late 7th century Deuteronomistic reform of official Judean religion under king Josiah, who banned many elements of the old polytheistic cult from the Temple, and the sudden collapse of Assyria and the rise of Babylon to take its place ; the second was exile of the royal court, the priests and other members of the ruling elite following the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem c. 586 BCE.

Hops had been used for medicinal and food flavouring purposes since Roman times ; by the 7th century in Carolingian monasteries in what is now Germany, beer was being made with hops, though it isn't until the thirteenth century that widespread cultivation of hops for use in beer is recorded.

* Bordwell, David, " Film Art: An Introduction "; McGraw-Hill ; 7th edition ( June, 2003 ).

The Germanic Goths and Asiatic Huns were the first to arrive, invading in mid-century ; the Avars attacked in AD 570 ; and the Croatian tribes invaded in the early 7th century.

Books used by the Hesychast include the Philokalia, a collection of texts on prayer and solitary mental ascesis written from the 4th to the 15th Centuries, this collection existing in a number of independent redactions ; the Ladder of Divine Ascent ; the collected works of St Symeon the New Theologian ( 949 – 1022 ); and the works of St Isaac the Syrian ( 7th C .?– 8th C .?

The so-called Martyrologium Hieronymianum is spurious ; it was apparently composed by a western monk toward the end of the 6th or beginning of the 7th century, with reference to an expression of Jerome's in the opening chapter of the Vita Malchi, where he speaks of intending to write a history of the saints and martyrs from the apostolic times.

In the 7th and 8th centuries, the Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, established an empire covering much of western Europe ; the Carolingian Empire endured until the 9th century, when it succumbed to the pressures of invasion — the Vikings from the north ; the Magyars from the east, and the Saracens from the south.

Among the earliest evidence of the game are fragments of a pottery board and several rock cuts found in Aksumite Ethiopia in Matara ( now in Eritrea ) and Yeha ( in Ethiopia ), which are dated by archaeologists to between the 6th and 7th century AD ; the game may have been mentioned by Giyorgis of Segla in his 14th century Ge ' ez text " Mysteries of Heaven and Earth ," where he refers to a game called qarqis, a term used in Ge ' ez to refer to both Gebet ' a ( Mancala ) and Sant ' araz ( modern sent ' erazh, Ethiopian Chess ).

Minnesota began the 2006 season 4 – 2 ( Childress became the first coach in Vikings history to start 2 – 0 in his first year ), but would finish the year at 6 – 10, receiving the 7th pick in the NFL Draft ; with it, the Vikings selected Adrian Peterson out of the University of Oklahoma.

In the 6th century, Arabs succeeded in repelling encroachments of these ethnic groups ; the conversion of Arab tribes to Islam in the 7th century resulted in the displacement of the settlers from Iran.

Dionysius ' authenticity is criticized later in the century, and defended by Theodore of Raithu ; and by the 7th century, it is taken as demonstrated, affirmed by both Maximus the Confessor and the 649 Lateran Council.

At the beginning of the 7th century, there were probably twenty-five titular churches in Rome ; even granting that, perhaps, the compiler of the Liber Pontificalis referred this number to the time of Marcellus, there is still a clear historical tradition in support of his declaration that the ecclesiastical administration in Rome was reorganized by this pope after the great persecution.

As a vintage rally car, on January 29, 2012 Hayden Burvill, Alastair Caldwell, and their # 35 1968 Porsche 912 finished first in class, and 7th overall in the 2012 London to Cape Town World Cup Rally ; a 14 country, three continent, 14, 000 kilometre, 26 driving-days event.

Two famous 7th century silver and enamel plaques from the hoard, one shown above, have a " Z-rod ", one of the Pictish symbols, in a particularly well-preserved and elegant form ; unfortunately few comparable pieces have survived.

by I. G. Mudge ; 7th & 8th by C. M. Winchell )

The most important writers are Yose ben Yoseh, probably in the 6th century, chiefly known for his compositions for Yom Kippur ; Eleazar Kalir, the founder of the payyetanic style, perhaps in the 7th century ; Saadia Gaon ; and the Spanish school, consisting of Joseph ibn Abitur ( died in 970 ), ibn Gabirol, Isaac Gayyath, Moses ibn Ezra, Abraham ibn Ezra and Judah ha-Levi, Moses ben Nahman ( Nahmanides ) and Isaac Luria.

) Understanding People through Their Pottery ; Proceedings of the 7th European Meeting on Ancient Ceramics ( Emac ' 03 ).

The monk Savonarola, brought over from the Renaissance and placed against the background of Munich at the turn of the century, protests against the luxurious works displayed in the art-shop of M. Bluthenzweig ; ;

Let his bones and his memory rest in the fifteenth century where they belong ; ;

Even in its present form, however, the first part of Malraux's unrecoverable novel is among the greatest works of mid-twentieth century literature ; ;

The dominant pottery of the century was Geometric ; ;

The severe yet harmonious vases of the previous fifty years, the Strong Geometric style of the late ninth century, display as firm a mastery of the principles underlying Geometric pottery ; ;

The new `` Phedre '' was done in 17th century setting, instead of ancient Greek ; ;

Toward the turn of the twentieth century, a number of anthropologists became dissatisfied with this categorization of cultural elements ; historical reconstructions also came to seem increasingly speculative to them.

In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".

About the 4th century BCE, the paean became merely a formula of adulation ; its object was either to implore protection against disease and misfortune, or to offer thanks after such protection had been rendered.

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Redrawn from A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic, Franz Rosenthal ; forms are as used in Egypt, 5th century BCE.

Late in the 18th century the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery ; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude.

Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque ; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher elevations, with the Jungfraubahn terminating at the Jungfraujoch after going through a tunnel in Eiger.

In the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France ; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland ; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such a Les Menuires.

The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

The lineage of Muhammad was: Muhammad ; the son of Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib ; the son of Abdul Muttalib ; the son of Hashim ibn ' Abd Manaf ; the son of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ; the son of Qusai ibn Kilab ; the son of Kilab ibn Murrah ; the son of Murrah.

Abd-ar-Rahman III ( Abd al-Rahmān ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allāh ; ; 11 January 889 / 91 – 15 October 961 ) was the Emir and Caliph of Córdoba ( 912 – 961 ) of the Ummayad dynasty in al-Andalus.

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur ( 14 February 148326 December 1530 ; sometimes also spelt Baber or Babar ) was a conqueror from Central Asia who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor.

The Islamic creed is the Shahadah, the proclamation لا اله الا الله محمد رسول الله ( lā ʾilāha ʾillà-llāh, muḥammadun rasūlu-llāh ) – “ There is no god but Allah ; Muhammad is Allah's messenger .” Taking this creed is one of the five pillars of Islam.

The word is also most commonly used for the Islamic leader of the Ummah ; starting with Muhammad and his line of successors.

The Diatessaron is thought to have been available to Muhammad, and may have led to his faulty conclusion in the Qur ' an that the Christian Gospel is one text or one book alone, without reference to the canonical authors or New Testament corpus ; he calls this supposed text the Injil.

Lord and Lady Mountbatten with Muhammad Ali JinnahNotwithstanding the self-promotion of his own part in Indian independence — notably in the television series The Life and Times of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Mountbatten of Burma, produced by his son-in-law Lord Brabourne and Dominique Lapierre, and Larry Collins's Freedom at Midnight ( of which he was the main quoted source ) — his record is seen as very mixed ; one common view is that he hastened the independence process unduly and recklessly, foreseeing vast disruption and loss of life and not wanting this to occur on the British watch, but thereby actually causing it to occur, especially in Punjab and Bengal.

# The fatwā is in line with relevant legal proofs, deduced from Qur ' anic verses and ahadith ; provided the hadith was not later abrogated by Muhammad.

It generally resonates better with existing Muslim views than with Christianity: it foretells the coming of Muhammad by name ; rather than describing the crucifixion of Jesus, it describes him being raised up into heaven, similar to the description of Elijah in 2 Kings, Chapter 2 ; and it calls Jesus a " prophet " whose mission was restricted to the " house of Israel ".

However, while there are many passages where the Gospel of Barnabas sets out alternative readings to parallel pericopes found in the canonical gospels, none of the references to Muhammad by name occurs in such a synoptic passage ; and in particular, none of the " Muhammad " references in Barnabas corresponds to a " Paraclete " reference in canonical John.