The first recorded use of the term Bretwalda comes from a West Saxon chronicle of the late 9th century that applied the term to Ecgberht, who ruled from 802 to 839.

According to the 802. 16-2004 standard, broadband means " having instantaneous bandwidths greater than 1 MHz and supporting data rates greater than about 1. 5 Mbit / s.

Legend has it that in 802 CE, Jayavarman II, king of the Khmers, first came to the Kuhlen hills, the future site of Angkor Wat.

If precise dates are required, the beginning may be set in 802 AD, when the founder of the Khmer Empire, Jayavarman II pronounced himself universal monarch ( chakravartin ) and declared independence from Java, and the end may be set in 1431 AD, when Thai invaders from the kingdom of Ayutthaya sacked Angkor and caused the Khmer elite to migrate to Phnom Penh.

* Chirp Spread Spectrum, a modulation concept, part of the standard IEEE 802. 15. 4aCSS

A 2011 estimate shows an increase to 100, 802.

As DECT and do not operate in the ISM band, they are not subject to the nor cause interference arising in this band from its use by 802. 11b and 802. 11g Wi-Fi, and cordless phones.

Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802. 3.

Ingrid Fromm, Siemens ' representative to IEEE 802, quickly achieved broader support for Ethernet beyond IEEE by the establishment of a competing Task Group " Local Networks " within the European standards body ECMA TC24.

As early as March 1982 ECMA TC24 with its corporate members reached agreement on a standard for CSMA / CD based on the IEEE 802 draft.

Because the DIX proposal was most technically complete and because of the speedy action taken by ECMA which decisively contributed to the conciliation of opinions within IEEE, the IEEE 802. 3 CSMA / CD standard was approved in December 1982.

IEEE published the 802. 3 standard as a draft in 1983 and as a standard in 1985.

Approval of Ethernet on the international level was achieved by a similar, cross-partisan action with Fromm as liaison officer working to integrate International Electrotechnical Commission, TC83 and International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) TC97SC6, and the ISO / IEEE 802 / 3 standard was approved in 1984.

As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a 48-bit MAC address.

IEEE 802. 15. 3b-2005 amendment was released on May 5, 2006.

Several standardized and proprietary networks ( or mesh ) layer protocols run over 802. 15. 4-based networks, including IEEE 802. 15. 5, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, WirelessHART, and ISA100. 11a.

IEEE 802. 15. 5 provides the architectural framework enabling WPAN devices to promote interoperable, stable, and scalable wireless mesh networking.

IEEE 802. 11 is a set of standards for implementing wireless local area network ( WLAN ) computer communication in the 2. 4, 3. 6 and 5 GHz frequency bands.

802. 11a uses the 5 GHz U-NII band, which, for much of the world, offers at least 23 non-overlapping channels rather than the 2. 4 GHz ISM frequency band, where adjacent channels overlap-see list of WLAN channels.

Since the 2. 4 GHz band is heavily used to the point of being crowded, using the relatively unused 5 GHz band gives 802. 11a a significant advantage.

In practice, 802. 11b typically has a higher range at low speeds ( 802. 11b will reduce speed to 5 Mbit / s or even 1 Mbit / s at low signal strengths ).

802. 11n operates on both the 2. 4 GHz and the lesser used 5 GHz bands.

IEEE 802. 11ac is a standard under development which will provide high throughput in the 5 GHz band.

For example the 2. 4000 – 2. 4835 GHz band is divided into 13 channels spaced 5 MHz apart, with channel 1 centered on 2. 412 GHz and 13 on 2. 472 GHz ( to which Japan added a 14th channel 12 MHz above channel 13 which was only allowed for 802. 11b ).

Even now, many devices are shipped with channels 1, 6 and 11 as preset options even though with the newer 802. 11g standard there are four non-overlapping channels-1, 5, 9 and 13.

* 802. 2 ( SNAP ) comprises 802. 3 frame header, LLC header ( 3 bytes-0xAA, 0xAA, 0x03 ), SNAP header ( 5 bytes-0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x37 ) and IPX data.

* Daniel Ortega Saavedra November 5, 2006 ' won getting the 37. 99 % of the valid votes cast 930. 802 votes equivalent to relatively higher than the two forces princiapl opisitora presented at election they were the party of the Second Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance ( ALN ) with the degree candidate Eduardo Montealegre Rivas who won 693. 391 votes recorded corresponding to a 28. 30 % and third place went to the Constitutionalist Liberal Party with Dr. José Rizo Castellón who earned a total 664. 225 of valid votes corresponding to 27. 11 %.

During the mid to late 1980s this was the dominant 10 Mbit / s Ethernet standard, but due to the immense demand for high speed networking, the low cost of Category 5 Ethernet cable, and the popularity of 802. 11 wireless networks, both 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 have become increasingly obsolete, but still exist in some locations.

Differential Manchester is specified in the IEEE 802. 5 standard for token ring LANs, and is used for many other applications, including magnetic and optical storage.

To appreciate the innovative value of the DQDB MAC algorithm, it must be seen against the background of LAN protocols at that time, which were based on broadcast ( such as ethernet IEEE 802. 3 ) or a ring ( like token ring IEEE 802. 5 and FDDI ).

Although FDDI logical topology is a ring-based token network, it does not use the IEEE 802. 5 token ring protocol as its basis ; instead, its protocol is derived from the IEEE 802. 4 token bus timed token protocol.

AAUI signals have the same description, function, and electrical requirements as the Attachment Unit Interface ( AUI ) signals of the same name, as detailed in IEEE 802. 3-1990 CSMA / CD Standard, section 7, with the exception that most hosts provide only 5 volt power rather than the 12 volts required for most AUI transceivers.

IEEE 802. 3ab, ratified in 1999, defines gigabit Ethernet transmission over unshielded twisted pair ( UTP ) category 5, 5e, or 6 cabling and became known as 1000BASE-T. With the ratification of 802. 3ab, gigabit Ethernet became a desktop technology as organizations could use their existing copper cabling infrastructure.

In February 1980, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) started project 802 to standardize local area networks ( LAN ).

Networking advances IEEE 802. 1aq ( SPB ) include the use of the link-state routing protocol IS-IS to allow larger networks with shortest path routes between devices.

IEEE 802. 15. 4g Smart Utility Networks ( SUN ) Task Group is chartered to create a PHY amendment to 802. 15. 4 to provide a global standard that facilitates very large scale process control applications such as the utility smart-grid network capable of supporting large, geographically diverse networks with minimal infrastructure, with potentially millions of fixed endpoints.

IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and metropolitan area networks.

More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets.

Prior to the final ratification, enterprises were already migrating to 802. 11n networks based on the Wi-Fi Alliance's certification of products conforming to a 2007 draft of the 802. 11n proposal.

It is almost never implemented on Ethernet, although it is used on FDDI and on token ring, IEEE 802. 11, and other IEEE 802 networks.

IP Version 6 can also be transmitted over Ethernet using IEEE 802. 2 with LLC / SNAP, but, again, that's almost never used ( although LLC / SNAP encapsulation of IPv6 is used on IEEE 802 networks ).

The use of Wake-on-LAN technology on enterprise networks can sometimes conflict with network access control solutions such as 802. 1x or MAC-based authentication, which may prevent magic packet delivery if a machine's WoL hardware has not been designed to maintain a live authentication session while in a sleep state.

In switches intended for commercial use, built-in or modular interfaces make it possible to connect different types of networks, including Ethernet, Fibre Channel, ATM, ITU-T G. hn and 802. 11.

Cell relay is an implementation of fast packet-switching technology that is used in connection-oriented broadband integrated services digital networks ( B-ISDN, and its better-known supporting technology ATM ) and connectionless IEEE 802. 6 switched multi-megabit data service ( SMDS ).

In modern practice, only error detection, not flow control using sliding window, is present in data link protocols such as Point-to-Point Protocol ( PPP ), and, on local area networks, the IEEE 802. 2 LLC layer is not used for most protocols on the Ethernet, and on other local area networks, its flow control and acknowledgment mechanisms are rarely used.

Transceivers are called Medium Attachment Units ( MAUs ) in IEEE 802. 3 documents and were widely used in 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 Ethernet networks.

) In the market 10BROAD36 equipment was not developed by many vendors nor deployed in many user networks as compared to equipment for IEEE 802. 3 / Ethernet baseband standards such as 10BASE5 ( 1983 ), 10BASE2 ( 1985 ), 10BASET ( 1990 ), etc.