* Chirp Spread Spectrum, a modulation concept, part of the standard IEEE 802. 15. 4aCSS

Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802. 3.

In February 1980, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) started project 802 to standardize local area networks ( LAN ).

Ingrid Fromm, Siemens ' representative to IEEE 802, quickly achieved broader support for Ethernet beyond IEEE by the establishment of a competing Task Group " Local Networks " within the European standards body ECMA TC24.

As early as March 1982 ECMA TC24 with its corporate members reached agreement on a standard for CSMA / CD based on the IEEE 802 draft.

Because the DIX proposal was most technically complete and because of the speedy action taken by ECMA which decisively contributed to the conciliation of opinions within IEEE, the IEEE 802. 3 CSMA / CD standard was approved in December 1982.

IEEE published the 802. 3 standard as a draft in 1983 and as a standard in 1985.

Approval of Ethernet on the international level was achieved by a similar, cross-partisan action with Fromm as liaison officer working to integrate International Electrotechnical Commission, TC83 and International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) TC97SC6, and the ISO / IEEE 802 / 3 standard was approved in 1984.

As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a 48-bit MAC address.

Networking advances IEEE 802. 1aq ( SPB ) include the use of the link-state routing protocol IS-IS to allow larger networks with shortest path routes between devices.

* IEEE 802. 3 Ethernet working group

* IEEE 802. 3-2008 standard

IEEE 802. 15 is a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) IEEE 802 standards committee which specifies Wireless Personal Area Network ( WPAN ) standards.

The IEEE 802. 15. 2-2003 standard was published in 2003 and task group two went into " hibernation ".

IEEE 802. 15. 3-2003 is a MAC and PHY standard for high-rate ( 11 to 55 Mbit / s ) WPANs.

IEEE 802. 15. 3a was an attempt to provide a higher speed UWB PHY enhancement amendment to IEEE 802. 15. 3 for applications which involve imaging and multimedia.

Assume that all floating point operations use the standard IEEE 754 double-precision arithmetic.

The computer was designated an IEEE Milestone in 1990.

According to Steven J. Brams and Peter C. Fishburn, the IEEE board in 2002 rescinded its decision to use approval voting.

IEEE Executive Director Daniel J. Senese stated that approval voting was abandoned because " few of our members were using it and it was felt that it was no longer needed.

ACM and the IEEE Computer Society are the primary US umbrella organizations for academic and scholarly interests in computing.

Unlike the IEEE, however, the ACM is solely dedicated to computing.

ACM's primary historical competitor has been the IEEE Computer Society, which is the largest subgroup of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

The IEEE focuses more on hardware and standardization issues than theoretical computer science, but there is considerable overlap with ACM's agenda.

Some of the major awards in Computer science are given jointly by ACM and the IEEE – CS.

The unit symbol for the byte is specified in IEC80000-13, IEEE 1541 and the Metric Interchange Format as the upper-case character B.

IEEE 1541 specifies the lower case character b as the symbol for bit ; however, the IEC 60027 and Metric-Interchange-Format specify bit ( e. g., Mbit for megabit ) for the symbol, a sufficient disambiguation from byte.

He is a Fellow of the ACM ( 1994 ) and an IEEE Fellow.

Details of the photodiodes were also published in the February 14, 2008 issue of the journal Electronics Letters and the November 2007 issue of the journal IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

* Martin, Ian L. ( 2012 ) " Too far ahead of its time: Barclays, Burroughs and real-time banking ", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 34 ( 2 ), pp. 5-19.

In the April – June, 2008, issue of IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, computer scientists describe a potential new way to combat internet worms.

Thirty years later, on March 6, 2009, Philips received an IEEE Milestone award with the following citation: " On 8 March 1979, N. V. Philips ' Gloeilampenfabrieken demonstrated for the international press a Compact Disc Audio Player.

However, many common modern bus systems can be used for both ; SATA and the associated eSATA are one example of a system that would formerly be described as internal, while in certain automotive applications use the primarily external IEEE 1394 in a fashion more similar to a system bus.

* K. Malhotra, S. Gardner, and R. Patz, Implementation of Elliptic-Curve Cryptography on Mobile Healthcare Devices, Networking, Sensing and Control, 2007 IEEE International Conference on, London, 15 – 17 April 2007 Page ( s ): 239 – 244

IEEE 802. 15. 3c-2009 was published on September 11, 2009.

The IEEE 802. 15. 3 Task Group 3c ( TG3c ) was formed in March 2005.

IEEE 802. 15. 4-2003 ( Low Rate WPAN ) deals with low data rate but very long battery life ( months or even years ) and very low complexity.

Several standardized and proprietary networks ( or mesh ) layer protocols run over 802. 15. 4-based networks, including IEEE 802. 15. 5, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, WirelessHART, and ISA100. 11a.

IEEE 802. 15. 4a ( formally called IEEE 802. 15. 4a-2007 ) is an amendment to IEEE 802. 15. 4 specifying additional physical layers ( PHYs ) to the original standard.

The IEEE 802. 15 Task Group 4d was chartered to define an amendment to the existing standard 802. 15. 4-2006.

The IEEE 802. 15 Task Group 4e is chartered to define a MAC amendment to the existing standard 802. 15. 4-2006.

IEEE 802. 15. 4g Smart Utility Networks ( SUN ) Task Group is chartered to create a PHY amendment to 802. 15. 4 to provide a global standard that facilitates very large scale process control applications such as the utility smart-grid network capable of supporting large, geographically diverse networks with minimal infrastructure, with potentially millions of fixed endpoints.

The IEEE has approved the amendment and it was published in October 2009.

* IEEE 802. 11e is an approved amendment to the IEEE 802. 11 standard that defines a set of quality-of-service enhancements for wireless LAN applications through modifications to the Media Access Control ( MAC ) layer.

IEEE 802. 11e-2005 or 802. 11e is an approved amendment to the IEEE 802. 11 standard that defines a set of Quality of Service enhancements for wireless LAN applications through modifications to the Media Access Control ( MAC ) layer.

The amendment has been incorporated into the published IEEE 802. 11-2007 standard.

The IEEE 802. 11e amendment to the standard enhances the DCF and the PCF, through a new coordination function called Hybrid Coordination Function ( HCF ).

Additional supporting standards included IEEE 802. 20. 2-2010, a protocol conformance statement, 802. 20. 3-2010, minimum performance characteristics, an amendment 802. 20a-2010 for a Management Information Base and some corrections, and amendment 802. 20b-2010 to support bridging.

Beyond these three bands, the IEEE 802. 15. 4c study group is considering the newly opened 314-316 MHz, 430-434 MHz, and 779-787 MHz bands in China, while the IEEE 802. 15 Task Group 4d is defining an amendment to the existing standard 802. 15. 4-2006 to support the new 950 MHz-956 MHz band in Japan.

IEEE 802. 11i-2004 or 802. 11i, implemented as WPA2, is an amendment to the original IEEE 802. 11.

The amendment was later incorporated into the published IEEE 802. 11-2007 standard.

Counter Cipher Mode with Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol or CCMP ( CCM mode Protocol ) is an encryption protocol designed for Wireless LAN products that implement the standards of the IEEE 802. 11i amendment to the original IEEE 802. 11 standard.