Hurrian kingdoms, such as Nairi and the powerful state of Urartu arose in north eastern Anatolia from the 10th century BC, before eventually falling to the Assyrians.

Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).

But by the 10th century the rule was commonly set aside, and we find frequent complaints of abbots dressing in silk, and adopting sumptuous attire.

During the Carolingian epoch the custom grew up of granting these as regular heritable fiefs or benefices, and by the 10th century, before the great Cluniac reform, the system was firmly established.

In the 10th century, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi carried out observations on the stars and described their positions, magnitudes and star color, and gave drawings for each constellation, in his Book of Fixed Stars.

The 10th century Skald Þorbjörn dísarskáld is quoted in Skáldskaparmál as stating:

According to the Suda, a 10th century encyclopedia, Alexis was the paternal uncle of the dramatist Menander and wrote 245 comedies, of which only fragments now survive, including some 130 preserved titles.

Details of his life are described in a work by the 10th century Welsh scholar and bishop Asser.

The reason the digits are more commonly known as " Arabic numerals " in Europe and the Americas is that they were introduced to Europe in the 10th century by Arabs of North Africa, who were then using the digits from Libya to Morocco.

In the 10th century, Middle-Eastern mathematicians extended the decimal numeral system to include fractions, as recorded in a treatise by Syrian mathematician Abu ' l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi in 952 – 953.

A distinctive West Arabic variant of the symbols begins to emerge around the 10th century in the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, called ghubar (" sand-table " or " dust-table ") numerals, which are the direct ancestor of the modern Western Arabic numerals used throughout the world.

As a result of influence from the West Saxons, the tribes were collectively called Anglo-Saxons by the Normans, the West Saxon kingdom having conquered, united and founded the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.

Empress Adelaide was perhaps the most prominent European woman of the 10th century ; she was regent of the Holy Roman Empire as the guardian of her grandson in 991-995.

However, other scholars have argued that though 80 % of al-Andalus converted to Islam, it did not truly occur until near the 10th century.

The complete conversion of Afghanistan to Islam was during the period of the Ghaznavids in the 10th century.

The Hindu Shahi were defeated in the early part of the 10th century by Mahmud of Ghazna who ruled between 998 and 1030.

In the 10th century Troas is given as a suffragan of Cyzicus and distinct from the famous Troy ( Heinrich Gelzer, Ungedruckte ... Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum, 552 ; Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani, 64 ); it is not known when the city was destroyed and the diocese disappeared.

The city dates back at least to the 10th century when it was known by its first Latin name of Alavarium, literally, " a gathering place or preserve of birds.

In 10th century Yemen al-Hamdani described how spreading al-iglimiya, probably zinc oxide, onto the surface of molten copper produced tutiya vapor which then reacted with the metal.

German brass making crucibles are known from Dortmund dating to the 10th century AD and from Soest and Schwerte in Westphalia dating to around the 13th century confirm Theophilus ' account, as they are open-topped, although ceramic discs from Soest may have served as loose lids which may have been used to reduce zinc evaporation, and have slag on the interior resulting from a liquid process.

Successful recreations have been performed by Anthemius of Tralles ( 6th century AD ), Proclus ( 6th century ) ( who by this means purportedly destroyed the fleet of Vitellus besieging Constantinople ), Ibn Sahl in his On Burning Mirrors and Lenses ( 10th century ), Alhazen in his Book of Optics ( 1021 ), Roger Bacon ( 13th century ), Giambattista della Porta and his friends ( 16th century ), Athanasius Kircher and Gaspar Schott ( 17th century ), the Comte du Buffon in 1740 in Paris, Ioannis Sakas in the 1970s in Greece, and others.

His chief discovery was a 10th century manuscript of the Iliad, the famous codex Venetus A, with ancient scholia and marginal notes, indicating supposititious, corrupt or transposed verses.

The codex was written in the 10th century A. D.

This secrecy made it impossible to confirm the authenticity of the Codex, and indeed Cassuto doubted that it was Maimonides ' codex, though he agreed that it was 10th century.

The text is known from a dozen of papyrus fragments, and from a Byzantine codex of the 9th or 10th century.

The first documentary evidence of any settlements around the Hayle Estuary is in 1130 when Phillack Church and surrounding dwellings were recorded as " Egloshayle ", meaning the church ( eglos ) on the estuary ( heyl ), with the church being dedicated originally to St Felec ( as appears in a 10th century Vatican codex ), from where it is believed the name Phillack was derived.

The Codex Zographensis is one of the oldest manuscript s in the Old Bulgarian language dated from the late 10th or early 11th century

Its most reliable manuscript is the 10th century Codex Colbertinus ( Paris ), in which the Martyrium closes the collection.

The oldest extant manuscripts of the Masoretic Text date from approximately the 9th century CE, and the Aleppo Codex ( once the oldest complete copy of the Masoretic Text, but now missing its Torah section ) dates from the 10th century. The Nash Papyrus ( 2nd century BCE ) contains a portion of a pre-Masoretic Text, specifically the Ten Commandments and the Shema Yisrael prayer.

It was also mentioned in the Hypatian Codex under 1252 as Novogorodok ( i. e. " new little town ") the town was a major settlement in the remote western lands of the Krivichs that came under the control of the Kievan Rus at the end of the 10th century.

The Antiphonary tonary missal of St. Benigne ( also called Antiphonarium Codex Montpellier or Tonary of Saint-Bénigne of Dijon ) was supposed to be written in the last years of the 10th century, when the Abbot William of Volpiano at St. Benignus of Dijon reformed the liturgy of several monasteries in Burgundy.

The Aleppo Codex, a 10th century CE Hebrew Bible originating from the Middle East.

The most important manuscript of her works, containing all the texts other than Primordia, is the Codex Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ( Bavarian State Library ) Clm 14485, a manuscript written by several, different hands in Gandersehim toward the end of the 10th or start of the 11th centuries.

Although the exact date and circumstances of Tmutarakan's takeover by the Kievan Rus are uncertain, the Hypatian Codex mentions Tmutarakan as one of the towns that Vladimir the Great gave to his sons, which implies that Russian control over the city was established in the late 10th century and certainly before Vladimir's death in 1015.

A Hebrew Bible page ( Aleppo Codex ), 10th century.

The oldest known works are the Codex Marianus from the 10th century, and the Grašković-and Mihanović fragment from the 11th century, all written in the Glagolitic script.

* Novgorod Codex ( first quarter of 11th c .) | Svyatoslav's Miscellanies ( 1073, 1076 ) | Archangel Gospel ( 1092 ) | Codex Zographensis ( late 10th c. or early 11th c .) | Mariinsky Gospel ( 11th cent.

* 10th Best Album Since Creation of Magazine ( The Holy Bible ) – Q

* 10th Anniversary Q & A session with Kevin Smith, David Klein, Scott Mosier, Marilyn Ghigliotti, Jason Mewes, Jeff Anderson and Brian O ' Halloran.

Every motel along 4th Street and Avenue Q north of 10th Street sustained major damage, and several motels and other businesses along Avenue Q, which is a major artery through the city, were destroyed.

** 1 S / P Artillery Brigade ( 10th ) Command H. Q.

Q " 05 / 09 "-5th to 10th century