* A mosaic representing the Macedonian sun, acanthus leaves and various animals ( crabs, dolphins etc ...)

The Great Basilica's mosaic floor is depicted on the reverse of the Macedonian 5000 denars banknote, issued in 1996.

A peacock from the baptistery's mosaic floor is depicted on the reverse of the Macedonian 10 denars banknote, issued in 1996, and of the 10 denars coin, issued in 2008.

Lion Hunt mosaic from the Macedonian capital Pella.

In the latter part of the 4th century BC, the Macedonian Greek king Alexander the Great conquered the peninsula.

After the Macedonian conquests of the 4th century BC, the hoplite was slowly abandoned in favour of the phalangite, armed in the Macedonian fashion, in the armies of the southern Greek states.

* Amyntor was the name of a 4th century BC Macedonian aristocrat, possibly of Athenian descent.

The Hellenistic Stadion ( with a vaulted entrance tunnel dated to about 320 BC, according to Stephen G. Miller, 2001, pp. 90 – 93 ) has recently been discovered: the Games, under Macedonian control, returned to Nemea at the end of the 4th century BC.

Exquisite exemplars of both volute-and calyx-kraters come from Macedonian 4th century BC graves.

Macedonian onomastics: the earliest epigraphical documents attesting substantial numbers of Macedonian proper names are the second Athenian alliance decree with Perdiccas II (~ 417-413 BC ), the decree of Kalindoia ,~ 335-300 BC ) and seven curse tablets of the 4th c. BC bearing mostly names.

The Pella curse tablet, a text written in a distinct Doric Greek dialect, found in 1986 and dated to between mid to early 4th century BC, has been forwarded as an argument that the ancient Macedonian language was a dialect of North-Western Greek, part of the Doric dialects.

It was unsuccessfully besieged by the Athenians in 432 BC and again, after seceding from the Macedonian kingdom, in 410 BC by Archelaus I who successfully captured the city and transferred its population further inland, possibly at the site of modern Kitros ; however, the old site was re-peopled in the early 4th century.

Later the region was annexed to the Macedonian kingdom during the 4th century BC.

Whilst a comparatively meager number of Macedonians lived in the few native Macedonian cities ( e. g. Aegeae, Pella, Dion ), urbanization increased by the 4th century BC as Greek colonies were conquered and integrated into Macedonia, or new towns were founded ( such as Philippi, Thessalonike and Alexandropolis ).

Evidence of this worship is attested from the beginning of the 4th century BC onwards, as there exists little evidence regarding Macedonian religious practices from earlier times.

By the 4th century BC, there had been a significant fusion of Macedonian and common Greek religious identity, but Macedonia was nevertheless characterized by an unusually diverse religious life.

A fragment of the Macedonian historian Marsyas of Pella ( 4th century BC ), through a scholiast of Iliad xiv 226 < ref > Frg 13, Greek text: confirms the genealogy as found in the Catalogue of Women: " Makedon son of Zeus and Thyia, conquered the land then belonging to Thrace and he called it Macedonia after his name.

Nicanor ( in Greek Nικάνωρ ; lived 4th century BC ) was the father of Balacrus, the Macedonian satrap of Cilicia.

Antigone () was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman that lived in the 4th century BC.

Philotas ( in Greek Φιλώτας ; lived 4th century BC ) was a Macedonian soldier, son of Parmenion, the general of Alexander the Great ( 336 — 323 BC ).

Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos, the fourth emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century AD, referred to Asia Minor as East thema, " ανατολικόν θέμα " ( from the Greek words anatoli: east, thema: administrative division ), placing this region to the East of Byzantium, while Europe was lying to the West.

The Macedonian phalanx of Aelian had many points of resemblance to the solid masses of pikemen and the squadrons of cavalry of the Spanish and Dutch systems, and the translations made in the 16th century formed the groundwork of numerous books on drill and tactics.

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Skopje had religious leaders from diverse backgrounds, including Bosnian, Italian, Bulgarian, Macedonian and Greek friars such as Giacinto Macripodari ( c. 1610 – 1672 ) who administrated from Skopje in the 17th century.

Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: Jugoslavija, Југославија ) was a country in the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century.

An alabaster statue of Isis from the 3rd century BCE, found in Ohrid, in the Republic of Macedonia, is depicted on the obverse of the Macedonian 10 denars banknote, issued in 1996.

In the early 20th century, Thessaloniki was in the center of radical activities by various groups ; the Bulgarian-Macedonian Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, founded in 1897, and the Greek Macedonian Committee, founded in 1903.

It seems that the first Macedonian state emerged in the 8th or early 7th century BC under the Argead Dynasty, who, according to legend, migrated to the region from the Greek city of Argos in Peloponnesus ( thus the name Argead ).

The most known are: Ecloga ( 740 )— enacted by emperor Leo the Isaurian, Proheiron ( c. 879 )— enacted by emperor Basil the Macedonian and Basilika ( late 9th century )— started by Basil the Macedonian and finished by his son Leo the Wise.

Petka Malovište. jpg | 19th century Macedonian icon, Bitola, Macedonia

He was given the disparaging epithet the Drunkard () by the hostile historians of the succeeding Macedonian dynasty, but modern historical research has rehabilitated his reputation to some extent, demonstrating the vital role his reign played in the resurgence of Byzantine power in the 9th century.

Towards the end of the nineteenth century further discoveries were made including the conclusion of the speech Against Philippides ( dealing with an indictment for the proposal of unconstitutional measure, arising out of the disputes of the Macedonian and anti-Macedonian parties at Athens ), and of the whole of Against Athenogenes ( a perfumer accused of fraud in the sale of his business ).

The ethnic Macedonians were considered Macedonian Bulgarians by the most ethnographers until the early 20th century and beyond with a big portion of them evidently self-identifying as such.

Bulgarian linguists consider the officialized Macedonian language ( since 1944 ) a local variation of Bulgarian, just as the most ethnographers and linguists until the early 20th century considered the local Slavic speech in the Macedonian region.

In the 3rd century BCE, it was destroyed by Lysimachus — a Macedonian officer, one of the successors ( Diadochi ) of Alexander the Great, later a king ( 306 BCE ) in Thrace and Asia Minor, during the same era when he nearly destroyed ( and did depopulate by forced expulsion ) the neighboring Ionian League city of Lebedos.

Roman victory in the Punic Wars and Macedonian Wars established Rome as a super-regional power by the 2nd century BC, followed up by the acquisition of Greece and Asia Minor.

The name of Lynkestis, a Macedonian tribe, is translated as " Land of the Lynx " It has been on the brink of extinction for nearly a century.

* 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

In 294 BC, after forty-three years of semi-autonomy under Macedonian suzerainty, Ambracia was given by the son of Cassander to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, who made it his capital, and adorned it with palace, temples and theatres.

In 148 BC, in what the Romans called the Fourth Macedonian War, he was defeated by the Roman praetor Q. Caecilius Metellus ( 148 ) at the Second Battle of Pydna, and fled to Thrace, whose prince gave him up to Rome, thus marking the final end to Andriskos ' reign of Macedonia.

The Macedonian king had suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Romans in the Second Macedonian War ( 200-197 BC ), which had reduced him from a powerful Hellenistic monarch to the status of a petty client-king with a much-reduced territory and a tiny army.

Rome declared war on Perseus in 171 BC and after the Macedonian army was crushed at the Battle of Pydna ( 168 BC ), Macedonia was split up into 4 Roman puppet-cantons ( 167 BC ).

The Persian army of Xerxes I of Persia and later the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great crossed the Dardanelles in opposite directions to invade each other's lands, in 480 BC and 334 BC respectively.

* 323 BC: Alexander the Great dies and his Macedonian Empire fragments.

These forces defeated the last major hoplite army, at the Battle of Chaeronea ( 338 BC ), after which Athens and its allies joined the Macedonian empire.

Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived to what is now Afghanistan in 330 BC after conquering Persia during the Battle of Gaugamela.

* 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus who surrenders after the battle, ending the Third Macedonian War.

In his Stratagems, the 2nd-century Macedonian rhetorician Polyaenus describes a battle between the Spartans and Demetrius of Macedon in 294 BC.

It was taken by the Thebans and afterwards by the Macedonian kings, and Demetrius Poliorcestes gained possession of it for a time, 302 BC.

* 334 BC – The Macedonian army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.

Under Attalus I ( 241-197 BC ), they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II ( 197-158 BC ), against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War.