In chronology, in addition to reckoning by the years of the world and the Christian era, Theophanes introduces in tabular form the regnal years of the Roman emperors, of the Persian kings and Arab caliphs, and of the five oecumenical patriarchs, a system which leads to considerable confusion, and therefore of little value.

In 984, the Persian mathematician Ibn Sahl wrote the treatise " On burning mirrors and lenses ", correctly describing a law of refraction equivalent to Snell's law.

A 2nd century AD manuscript by the Greek physician and gynecologist Soranus of Ephesus dealt with neonatal pediatrics ; the Persian scholar and doctor al-Razi ( 865 – 925 ) published a short treatise on diseases among children.

The notion of the " ennobling power " of love was developed in the early 11th century by the Persian psychologist and philosopher, Ibn Sina ( known as " Avicenna " in Europe ), in his treatise Risala fi ' l-Ishq ( Treatise on Love ).

Persian and Arab astronomers produced an improved version of the Greek armillary sphere in the 8th century, and wrote about it in the treatise of Dhat al-Halaq or The instrument with the rings by the Persian astronomer Fazari ( d. c. 777 ).

The word " Algorism ", comes from the name Al-Khwārizmī ( c. 780-850 ), a Persian mathematician, astronomer, a geographer and a scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, whose name means " the native of Kharazm ", a city that was part of the Greater Iran during his era and now is in modern day Uzbekistan He wrote a treatise in Arabic language in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin in the 12th century under the title Algoritmi de numero Indorum.

The notion of the " ennobling power " of love was developed in the early 11th century by the Persian psychologist and philosopher, Ibn Sina ( known as " Avicenna " in Europe ), in his Arabic treatise Risala fi ' l-Ishq ( Treatise on Love ).

Hassan also wrote a Persian treatise on the doctrine of ta ' līm, i. e. the teachings of the imam.

Persian treatise on the doctrine of ta ' līm.

Several of his works are doubtless monuments of these pastoral labors, e. g. the catechetical lectures, the ecthesis, and possibly the treatise on " Persian Magic.

* the siyâsetnâme ( سياست نامه ), a kind of political treatise describing the functionings of state and offering advice for rulers, an early Seljuk example of which is the 11th-century Siyāsatnāma, written in Persian by Nizam al-Mulk, vizier to the Seljuk rulers Alp Arslan and Malik Shah I

In the early 9th century, the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī was a pioneer in spherical trigonometry and wrote a treatise on the subject.

It was considered the defining treatise of Indian classical music until the 13 < sup > th </ sup > century, when the stream bifurcated into Hindustani classical music in North India and Pakistan, due to the influence of Persian and Arabic music, and Carnatic classical music in South India, the stronghold of the Hindu kingdoms.

Revelation of the Veiled is held in high esteem as the first important treatise on Sufism in Persian.

The notion of the " ennobling power " of love was developed in the early 11th century by the Persian psychologist and philosopher, Ibn Sina ( known as " Avicenna " in English ), in his Arabic treatise Risala fi ' l-Ishq ( Treatise on Love ).

In addition, the Greek geographer Strabo, writing in the first century AD, refers to some Persian women veiling their faces ; and the early third-century Christian writer Tertullian clearly refers in his treatise The Veiling of Virgins to some pagan women of " Arabia " wearing a veil that covers not only their head but also the entire face.

He was apparently the first to think of compiling a treatise on materia medica in Persian ; he travelled extensively in Persia and India to obtain the necessary information.

He wrote a treatise on the spherical astrolabe, which is very elaborate and seems to be the best Persian work on the subject.

He completed in 1087-88, a very comprehensive and very remarkable treatise on ophthalmology entitled " The Light of the Eyes " ( Nur al-ayun ), in Persian.

Haji Attar's comprehensive Persian pharmacopoeia of simple and compound remedies, the Ikhtiyarat-i Badi ‘ i was apparently composed for the Muzaffarid princess Badi ‘ al-Jamal, who is named in the title of the treatise but of whom very little is known.

Reflecting his own experience, ‘ Imad al-Din Mahmud Shirazi wrote a treatise in Persian on the medical and addictive properties of opium and its use in compound remedies.

There is also a Persian treatise titled Dastur-i Jalali by the same author, presumably a translation of the original Arabic.

Another Persian treatise on the preservation of health in the human body, Hifz-i sihhat-i badan al-insaniyah is presumably by the same author, but it is said to have been dedicated to the ruler Abu al-Muzaffar Abu al-Mansur Shah Sulayman al-Safawi al-Musawi Bahadur Khan, who ruled from 1666 to 1694.

He translated Arabic treatises into Persian, including the Arabic treatise on the lives and sayings of 34 pre-Islamic and 77 post-Islamic scholars and physicians, that were composed by al-Shahrazuri in 1282 CE.

The National Library of Medicine has a copy of Maqsud Ali Tabrizi's Persian translation of this biographical dictionary which states that he began translating al-Shahrazuri's treatise in 1602CE, though other sources state that he undertook the translation in 1605CE at the request of Jahangir.

Poetry in Persian life is far more than a common ground on which -- in a society deeply fissured by antagonisms -- all may stand.

Imperial Aramaic was highly standardised ; its orthography was based more on historical roots than any spoken dialect and was inevitably influenced by Old Persian.

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā ( Persian پور سينا Pur-e Sina " son of Sina "; c. 980 – 1037 ), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived.

Amasis worrying that his daughter would be a concubine to the Persian king refused to give up his offspring ; Amasis also was not willing to take on the Persian empire so he concocted a trickery in which he forced the daughter of the ex-pharaoh Apries, whom Herodotus explicitly confirms to have been killed by Amasis, to go to Persia instead of his own offspring.

Anah, or Ana, is an Iraqi town on the Euphrates river, approximately mid-way between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Persian Gulf.

He was a favorite of Alexander the Great, whom he accompanied in his Persian campaigns, and wrote a third historical work on Alexander.

The Indian numerals were adopted by the Persian and Arabic mathematicians in India, and passed on to the Arabs further west.

It lies on Abadan Island ( long, 3 – 19 km or 2 – 12 miles wide, the island is bounded in the west by the Arvand waterway and to the east by the Bahmanshir outlet of the Karun River ), from the Persian Gulf, near the Iraqi-Iran border.

However, in a decision of great historic significance, the Persian king Darius the Great decided that, despite successfully subduing the revolt, there remained the unfinished business of exacting punishment on Athens and Eretria for supporting the revolt.

The Allied fleet defeated the demoralized remnants of the Persian fleet in the Battle of Mycale — on the same day as Plataea, according to tradition.

This " Persian debris " is the richest archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis and is well known throughout Greece.

Multi-winged angels, often with only their face and wings showing, drawn from the higher grades of angels, especially cherubim and seraphim, are derived from Persian art, and are usually shown only in heavenly contexts, as opposed to performing tasks on earth.

* 1961 – A large explosion on board the in the Persian Gulf kills 238.

* The Persian Encyclopedia, articles on Abbas Mirza, Persia-Russia Wars, Persia-Ottoman wars, Golestan Treaty, and Torkaman-Chay Treaty.

The Arabian Sea ( Persian Sea ) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the south by northeastern Somalia, on the east by India and on the west by the Arabian Peninsula.

A story recounted in later sources holds that they refrained from destroying the church on seeing the magi depicted in Persian clothing in a mosaic.

Kenneth Kitchen, Louis F. Hartman and Alexander Di Lella, for example, date the Aramaic portion more broadly within the Persian period ( i. e., before the 330s BC ), as based on Persian loanwords.

Since Daniel was a statesman during the Persian conquests, the Book of Daniel could have been written in a period when the Persians had their greatest influence on Aramaic, believed to be in the mid 6th century BC.