One modern scholar has written " It is almost certain not only that at no time in his life did he ever see, let alone command, a Roman army, but that, throughout the twenty-three years of his reign, he never went within five hundred miles of a legion ".

They also routed a Roman legion, the IX Hispana, sent to relieve the settlement.

Roman bricks are often stamped with the mark of the legion that supervised their production.

The most famous was Masada, where, in 70-73 CE, a small group of Jewish zealots held out against the might of the Roman legion, and Machaerus where, according to Josephus, John the Baptist was imprisoned by Herod Antipas and died.

Vespasian was assigned to lead the Roman army against the insurgents, with Titus — who had completed his military education by this time — in charge of a legion.

Examples include the Achaemenid battle standard Derafsh Kaviani, and the standards of the Roman legions such as the eagle of Augustus Caesar's Xth legion, or the dragon standard of the Sarmatians ; the latter was let fly freely in the wind, carried by a horseman, but judging from depictions it was more similar to an elongated dragon kite than to a simple flag.

The Roman Empire, in the reign of Hadrian ( r. 117-138 ), including the imperial province of Britannia, and the three Roman legion | legions deployed there in 125.

It is not known how many Roman legions were sent ; only one legion, the II Augusta, commanded by the future emperor Vespasian, is directly attested to have taken part.

* Roman legion, the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army

So long as everyone was using the same tactics these weaknesses were not immediately apparent, but with the advent of the Roman legion they proved fatal in every major engagement, the most famous being the Battle of Pydna, as the Romans were able to advance through gaps in the line and easily defeat the phalangites once in close.

In 72, the Roman governor of Iudaea Lucius Flavius Silva headed the Roman legion X Fretensis and laid siege to Masada.

The Roman legion surrounded Masada, and built a circumvallation wall and then a siege embankment against the western face of the plateau, moving thousands of tons of stones and beaten earth to do so.

In reference to the early Kingdom of Rome ( as opposed to the republic or empire ) " the legion " means the entire Roman army.

Because of the enormous military successes of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the legion has long been regarded as the prime ancient model for military efficiency and ability.

Rome's Italian allies were required to provide a legion to support each Roman Legion.

See also Sub-Units of the Roman legion

See also Sub-Units of the Roman legion

According to the late Roman writer Vegetius ' De Re Militari, each century had a ballista and each cohort had an onager, giving the legion a formidable siege train of 59 Ballistae and 10 Onagers each manned by 10 libritors ( artillerymen ) and mounted on wagons drawn by oxen or mules.

Ludie had a cigar box full of marbles and shooters, and a Roman candle from last Fourth of July.

In Poughkeepsie, N.Y.,, in 1952, a Roman Catholic hospital presented seven Protestant physicians with an ultimatum to quit the Planned Parenthood Federation or to resign from the hospital staff.

The latter plays a prominent role in Roman Catholic theology and is considered decisive, entirely apart from Scripture, in determining the ethical character of birth-prevention methods.

Giovanni Bernini's `` Fountain of the Rivers '', in the center of the piazza, is built around a Roman obelisk from the Circus of Maxentius which rests on grottoes and rocks, with four huge figures, one at each corner, denoting four great rivers from different continents -- the Danube, the Ganges, the Nile, and the Plate.

Since the Protestant clergy for the most part wear gray or some variant from the wholly black suit, my Roman collar and black garb usually identify me in England as a Roman Catholic cleric.

Marble, Roman copy of a Greek original of the 4th century BCE, from the collection of Cardinal Albani

The Roman worship of Apollo was adopted from the Greeks.

In the late 2nd century CE floor mosaic from El Djem, Roman Thysdrus, he is identifiable as Apollo Helios by his effulgent halo, though now even a god's divine nakedness is concealed by his cloak, a mark of increasing conventions of modesty in the later Empire.

While not entirely synonymous with Anatolia, the term Asia Minor, derived from the Latin Asia Minores, refers to Asia inside the Roman Empire, versus Asia Magna, all of Asia beyond the borders.

The Church of England ( which until the 20th century included the Church in Wales ) initially separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1538 in the reign of King Henry VIII, reunited in 1555 under Queen Mary I and then separated again in 1570 under Queen Elizabeth I ( the Roman Catholic Church excommunicated Elizabeth I in 1570 in response to the Act of Supremacy 1559 ).

The Church of Scotland separated from the Roman Catholic Church with the Scottish Reformation in 1560, and the split from it of the Scottish Episcopal Church began in 1582, in the reign of James VI of Scotland, over disagreements about the role of bishops.

Thus the only member churches of the present Anglican Communion existing by the mid-18th century were the Church of England, its closely linked sister church, the Church of Ireland ( which also separated from Roman Catholicism under Henry VIII ) and the Scottish Episcopal Church which for parts of the 17th and 18th centuries was partially underground ( it was suspected of Jacobite sympathies ).

The Hebrew and Nabataean alphabets, as they stood by the Roman era, were little changed in style from the Imperial Aramaic alphabet.

Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, the Festum Veneris et Fortunae Virilis being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month Aphrilis, from her equivalent Greek goddess name Aphrodite ( Aphros ), or from the Etruscan name Apru.

Schweitzer concludes that the 1st century theology, originating in the lifetimes of those who first followed Jesus, is both incompatible with, and far removed from, those beliefs later made official by the Roman Emperor Constantine in 325 CE.

Someone also suggested that these large roads were used to quickly move an army from the canyon to the outlier communities, a purpose similar to the road systems known for the Roman empire.

Category: Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism

The Roman Catholic celebration is associated with the doctrine that the souls of the faithful who at death have not been cleansed from the temporal punishment due to venial sins and from attachment to mortal sins cannot immediately attain the beatific vision in heaven, and that they may be helped to do so by prayer and by the sacrifice of the Mass.

* 1962 – Representatives from the Russian Orthodox Church and Vatican City meet in Metz, France, and come to an agreement wherein the Russian church would send observers to the Second Vatican Council and in exchange, the Roman Catholic Church would refuse to condemn Communism.

On matters of race he was similarly inflexible: `` Most of the modern Latin races seem to have inherited the rigidity of the Roman mind ''.

The famous Latin Responsa Prudentium (" answers of the learned ones ") were the accumulated views of many successive generations of Roman lawyers, a body of legal opinion which gradually became authoritative.

This month was originally named Sextilis in Latin, because it was the sixth month in the original ten-month Roman calendar under Romulus in 753 BC, when March was the first month of the year.

Though the title " abbot " is not given in the Western Church to any but actual abbots of monasteries today, the title archimandrite is given to " monastics " ( i. e., celibate ) priests in the East, even when not attached to a monastery, as an honor for service, similar to the title of monsignor in the Western / Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church.

Vipsania Agrippina or most commonly known as Agrippina Major or Agrippina the Elder ( Major Latin for the elder, Classical Latin:, 14 BC – 17 October 33 ) was a distinguished and prominent Roman woman of the first century AD.

Julia Agrippina, most commonly referred to as Agrippina Minor or Agrippina the Younger, and after 50 known as Julia Augusta Agrippina ( Minor Latin for the ‘ younger ’, Classical Latin: ;, 7 November 15 or 6 November 16 – 19 / 23 March 59 ) was a Roman Empress and one of the more prominent women in the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

At Rome, he wrote in Latin a history of the Roman empire from the accession of Nerva ( 96 ) to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople ( 378 ), in effect writing a continuation of the history of Tacitus.

He was a Latin philosopher and theologian from the Africa Province of the Roman Empire and is generally considered as one of the greatest Christian thinkers of all times.

During the Hellenization of Latin literature, the myths of Ares were reinterpreted by Roman writers under the name of Mars.

Since 1972, the Roman Catholic Church uses the name " Anointing of the Sick " both in the English translations issued by the Holy See of its official documents in Latin and in the English official documents of Episcopal conferences.

The form used in the Roman Rite included anointing of seven parts of the body while saying ( in Latin ): " Through this holy unction and His own most tender mercy may the Lord pardon thee whatever sins or faults thou hast committed deliquisti by sight hearing, smell, taste, touch, walking, carnal delectation ", the last phrase corresponding to the part of the body that was touched ; however, in the words of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, " the unction of the loins is generally, if not universally, omitted in English-speaking countries, and it is of course everywhere forbidden in case of women ".

By the 5th century AD, Rome was in decline and the Roman predecessor town of Alicante, known as Lucentum ( Latin ), was more or less under the control of the Visigothic warlord Theudimer.

The Res Gestae Divi Augusti ( Latin: " The Deeds of the Divine Augustus ") is a remarkable account to the Roman people of the Emperor Augustus ' stewardship.

Aelia Capitolina (; Latin in full: Colonia Aelia Capitolina ) was a city built by the emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony, on the site of Jerusalem, which was in ruins since 70 AD, leading in part to the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132 – 136.

* Senex: ( Latin for " old man ") A henpecked, sardonic Roman senator living in a less fashionable suburb of Rome.

* Miles Gloriosus: ( Latin for " boastful soldier ," the archetype of the braggart soldier in Roman comedies ) A captain in the Roman army to whom Marcus Lycus has promised Philia.

The Order of Saint Benedict ( Latin name: Ordo Sancti Benedicti ) is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of Saint Benedict.

Barcino Nova is the town's Latin name meaning " new Barcelona "; Barcino was the Roman name for Barcelona in Spain from its foundation by Emperor Augustus in 10 BC, and it was only changed to Barcelona in the Middle Ages.

The forms of parish worship in the late medieval church in England, which followed the Latin Roman Rite, varied according to local practice.

Ecclesiastical Latin, the Roman Catholic Church ’ s official tongue, remains a living legacy of the classical world to the contemporary world.

There is a surviving tradition of Latin philology in Western culture connecting the Roman Empire with the Early Modern period.