The observed intensity of the radio emission of Venus is much higher than the expected thermal intensity, although the spectrum indicated by measurements at wave lengths near 3 cm and 10 cm is like that of a black body at about 600-degrees.

This result suggests a very high temperature at the solid surface of the planet, although there is the possibility that the observed radiation may be a combination of both thermal and non-thermal components and that the observed spectrum is that of a black body merely by coincidence.

The received radiation is compared with the radiation from a hypothetical black body which subtends the same solid angle as the visible disk of the planet.

The apparent black-body disk temperature is the temperature which must be assumed for the black body in order that the intensity of its radiation should equal that of the observed radiation.

The use of this concept does not specify the origin of the radiation, and only if the planet really radiates as a black body, will the apparent black-body temperature correspond to the physical temperature of the emitting material.

The eyes were clear and black and the slender body was arched slightly.

The sharp, burning colors of his body stood brilliant and plain against the black soil, like a target.

While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of the Big Bang and those of alternative cosmological models, most scientists became convinced that some version of the Big Bang scenario best fit observations after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964, and especially when its spectrum ( i. e., the amount of radiation measured at each wavelength ) was found to match that of thermal radiation from a black body.

It is called " black " because it absorbs all the light that hits the horizon, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics.

Quantum mechanics predicts that black holes emit radiation like a black body with a finite temperature.

The analogy was completed when Hawking, in 1974, showed that quantum field theory predicts that black holes should radiate like a black body with a temperature proportional to the surface gravity of the black hole.

The popular notion of a black hole " sucking in everything " in its surroundings is therefore only correct near a black hole's horizon ; far away, the external gravitational field is identical to that of any other body of the same mass.

The logo was raised using a heavy black drop shadow, and the body of the lettering and its yellow trim were separated by a subtle 3D groove effect.

The Commission Internationale de l ' Éclairage ( International Commission on Illumination ) and the CIPM proposed a “ new candle ” based on the luminance of a Planck radiator ( a black body ) at the temperature of freezing platinum.

The candela is the luminous intensity, in the perpendicular direction, of a surface of 1 / 600 000 square metre of a black body at the temperature of freezing platinum under a pressure of 101 325 newtons per square metre.

The Celestines wore a white woollen cassock bound with a linen band, and a leathern girdle of the same colour, with a scapular unattached to the body of the dress, and a black hood.

The CIE 1931 x, y chromaticity space, also showing the chromaticities of black body light sources of various temperatures ( Planckian locus ), and lines of constant # Correlated color temperature | correlated color temperature.

The color temperature of a light source is the temperature of an ideal black body radiator that radiates light of comparable hue to that of the light source.

The CMBR has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 2. 725 K, which peaks at the microwave range frequency of 160. 2 GHz, corresponding to a 1. 873 mm wavelength.

Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations.

Brig. Gen. and Mrs. Robert F. McDermott will entertain at a black tie dinner Wednesday, May 3, in the Officers' Club at the Air Force Academy.

Snorri quotes his own source saying: " The sun will go black, earth sink in the sea, heaven be stripped of its bright stars ;...." ( Section 56 ).

He later spoke out for black suffrage, though not based solely on race, but rather merit oriented, arguing, " The better class of them will go to work and sustain themselves, and that class ought to be allowed to vote, on the ground that a loyal Negro is more worthy than a disloyal white man.

) Lamarr believes a black lawman will so offend the townspeople that they will either abandon Rock Ridge or lynch the new sheriff, with either result paving the way for him to take over the town.

The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass will deform spacetime to form a black hole.

Some scholars disagree arguing that whitening of one's social status may be open to people of mixed race, but a typically black person will consistently be identified as black regardless of wealth or social status.

The interior pages will be printed in black ink, on 90 gsm matte art paper.

Designed to conduct comprehensive studies of the universe, the telescope will enable scientists to study exotic phenomena such as exploding stars, quasars, and black holes.

For more massive stars, electron degeneracy pressure will not keep the iron core from collapsing to very great density, leading to formation of a neutron star, black hole, or, speculatively, a quark star.

Before his death in 1283, Karma Pakshi wrote a will to protect the established interests of his sect by advising his disciples to locate a boy to inherit the black hat.

If someone decides to donate to help orphan children, but decides to donate less, say, to black children out of a racist attitude, he or she will be acting in a discriminatory way even the people he discriminates against are actually benefitted by having some money donated to them.

At the end of the stellar age, galaxies will be composed of compact objects: brown dwarfs, white dwarfs that are cooling or cold (" black dwarfs "), neutron stars, and black holes.

Eventually, as a result of gravitational relaxation, all stars will either fall into central supermassive black holes or be flung into intergalactic space as a result of collisions.

According to this view, " after observing a long run of red on the roulette wheel, for example, most people erroneously believe that black will result in a more representative sequence than the occurrence of an additional red ", so people expect that a short run of random outcomes should share properties of a longer run, specifically in that deviations from average should balance out.

Examples range from the discovery that the presence of humans tends to sexually arouse ostriches, to the statement that black holes fulfill all the technical requirements to be the location of Hell, to research on the " five-second rule ", a tongue-in-cheek belief that food dropped on the floor will not become contaminated if it is picked up within five seconds.

Polgár prefers aggressive openings, playing 1. e4 as White and the Sicilian or King's Indian Defence with black, but she has also said her opening choices will also depend upon her trainer.

The new helmet and facemask are black just like the old ones, but when light hits the new ones a certain way, both the helmet and face mask will sparkle with a shiny teal appearance.

In September of that year, the team announced that it will now use the black jersey and black pants as their primary uniform combination.

This means that 4 units of black thread will be succeeded by 32 units of red, etc., in both the warp and the weft.

This light will then be mainly polarized perpendicular to the second filter, and thus be blocked and the pixel will appear black.

Charles, also fifteen, was tall and skinny, scraggly, with straight black hair like an Indian's and sharp brown eyes.

Just plain old black dirt was also used as a pack to relieve wasp or bee stings.

Being a dimensionless fraction, it may also be expressed as a percentage, and is measured on a scale from zero for no reflecting power of a perfectly black surface, to 1 for perfect reflection of a white surface.

Asphalt or or, also known as bitumen, is the sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits ; it is a substance classed as a pitch.

They were seeking black slaves for use in sugarcane plantations of Northeastern Brazil ( Pernambuco, Olinda, Recife ) which they had also seized from Portugal.

It receives its name from its soil ( weathered from the weak underlying limestone ), which is black in colour, almost destitute of sand and loam, and rich in limestone and marl formations, especially adapted to the production of cotton ; hence the region is also called the Cotton Belt.

By that September Johnson declared he was in favor of emancipation, describing slavery as a " cancer on our society ", and also succeeded in enlisting 20, 000 black troops for the Union.

His veto message objected to the measure because it conferred citizenship on the freedmen at a time when eleven out of thirty-six states were unrepresented in the Congress, and the bill also attempted to fix, by federal law, " a perfect equality of the white and black races in every State of the Union.

Finished in black lacquer, the stools are used to seat customers at the ' Genius Bar ' and also in other areas of the store at times when seating is required for a product workshop or special event.

During that same year, a red alternate jersey with black trim was also introduced.

The Falcons also started wearing black cleats with these uniforms.

" She has also rejected an immigrant designation for African-Americans and instead prefers the term " black " or " white " to denote the African and European U. S. founding populations.

During that time, black people were also represented by the ICU and the previously white-only Communist party.

) This also meant that with this title, he was the first black artist to win this highest to win award in the Netherlands.

She suggests this explains the low numbers of black women who participated in the feminist movement in the 1970s, pointing to Louis Harris ' Virginia Slims poll done in 1972 for Philip Morris that she says showed 62 percent of black women supported " efforts to change women's status " and 67 percent " sympathized with the women's rights movement ", compared with 45 and 35 percent of white women ( also Steinem, 1972 ).

There is also a U. S. Supreme Court case that predates the dictionary, Jackson ex dem Bradford v. Huntington, that uses the phrase " black letter " in the same sense as black letter law: " It is seldom that a case in our time savors so much of the black letter, but the course of decisions in New York renders it unavailable.

Brazil's push for nationalization of the computer-related industry in the 1970s also began with the navy, which could not decipher the " black box " computerized range-finding and firing mechanisms on the British frigates they had purchased, and did not want to be dependent on imported maintenance.

The word black comes from Old English blæc (" black, dark ", also, " ink "), from Proto-Germanic * blakkaz (" burned "), from Proto-Indo-European * bhleg-(" to burn, gleam, shine, flash "), from base * bhel-(" to shine "), related to Old Saxon blak (" ink "), Old High German blah (" black "), Old Norse blakkr (" dark "), Dutch blaken (" to burn "), and Swedish bläck (" ink ").

BBC Text also enabled channel association, the ability for the user to retain their selected television channel visible in one section of the screen whilst viewing the text service, in contrast to Ceefax, which could only be viewed as a full-screen display, or as a semitransparent overlay ( i. e. opaque blocks of colour on top of the television channel, with the black background now transparent ; not ' translucent blocks of colour with a translucent black background ') above the television picture.