Clark's solution closes the window until another segment of maximum segment size ( MSS ) can be received or the buffer is half empty.

This amount depends on the receiver's buffer size and maximum segment size.

But they refuse, as do the Arab states, to support the United Nations' expenses of maintaining the United Nations Emergency Force in the Middle East as a buffer between Egypt and Israel, and the U.N. troops in the Congo, which expenses are not covered by the regular budget of the United Nations, but by a special budget.

* Have a playback buffer between the network and the codec, one large enough to tide the codec over almost all the jitter in the data.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

The UN established a temporary security zone consisting of a 25-kilometre demilitarized buffer zone within Eritrea, running along the length of the disputed border between the two states and patrolled by UN troops.

Now called Maroons, they formed a sort of buffer zone between the Europeans who settled along the coast and main rivers, and the unconquered, and often hostile, Native American tribes of the inland regions.

It is developing as the gateway from the Black Sea to the Caucasus and the larger Caspian region, but also serves as a buffer between Russia and Turkey.

" Most agarose gels are made with between 0. 7 % ( good separation or resolution of large 5 – 10kb DNA fragments ) and 2 % ( good resolution for small 0. 2 – 1kb fragments ) agarose dissolved in electrophoresis buffer.

This culture replaced the local Oksywie or Oxhöft culture in the 1st century, when a Scandinavian settlement was established in a buffer zone between the Oksywie culture and the Przeworsk culture.

Meanwhile the division of the common land served as a buffer preserving social peace between nobles and peasants.

It acted as a buffer between the powerful states of Austria and Prussia.

The Kandahar region in the south served as a buffer zone between the powerful Mughals and Safavids, and the native Afghans often switched support from one side to the other.

The British wanted the Indians to form a buffer state between the two countries.

By serving as a buffer state between Christians and Muslims, the Khazars helped to block the western spread of Islam in Europe.

Its location has often made it a buffer between more powerful neighboring states, as well as a crossroads for trade and communication.

# Valide Sultan Emine Hatun, daughter of Suleyman Bey, ruler of Dulkadirids, third consort, which marriage served as an alliance between the Ottoman's and this buffer state, mother of Murad II

Their marriage served as an alliance between the Ottomans and this buffer state.

These steep southern slopes are nearly uninhabited, thus an effective buffer between languages and culture in the Terai and Hill regions.

The state was formed by secession from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1830, whose neutrality and integrity was protected by the Treaty of London 1839 ; thus it served as a buffer state between the European powers France, Prussia ( after 1871 the German Empire ), the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of the Netherlands until World War I. Belgium is divided between the Flemings in the north and the French-speaking or the German-speaking population in the south.

To take one example, the nation now known as Iraq intentionally joined together three Ottoman vilayets, uniting Kurds in the north, Sunni Arabs in the center, and Shia Arabs in the south, in an effort to present a strong national buffer state between Turkey and Persia: over these was placed a foreign king from the Hashemite dynasty native to the Hijaz.

Also, there was a chance that the Crusader kingdom — which acted as a buffer state between Syria and Egypt — could have collapsed had the two leaders attacked it from the east and the coast.

Until nearly the 5th century, Rome subsidized the Nobatae and used Meroe as a buffer between Egypt and the Blemmyes.

The Seleucids existed solely because no other nation wished to absorb them — seeing as they constituted a useful buffer between their other neighbours.

From 1138 onwards, Stephen gave them the earldoms of Worcester, Leicester, Hereford, Warwick and Pembroke, which — especially when combined with the possessions of Stephen's new ally, Prince Henry, in Cumberland and Northumbria — created a wide block of territory to act as a buffer zone between the troubled south-west, Chester and the rest of the kingdom.

When European imperialism brought a new phase in Southeast Asian commerce in the late 1800s, Thailand ( known then as Siam ) was able to maintain its independence as a buffer zone between British-controlled Burma to the west and French-dominated Indochina to the east, but losing over 50 % of its territory in the process.

The Riverside Fields, an amenity area adjacent to St Neots Bridge, is designed as a flood buffer area, and is under water at times of flood, protecting dwelling and commercial property from flood.

Small areas in the upland buffer around the bay and on the Rockaway Peninsula remain in private residential or commercial ownership.

For example SN74ALS245N means this is a device probably made by Texas Instruments ( SN ), it is a commercial temperature range TTL device ( 74 ), it is a member of the " advanced low-power Schottky " family ( ALS ), and it is a bi-directional eight-bit buffer ( 245 ) in a plastic through-hole DIP package ( N ).

Bordering directly on Italy, control of the province gave the Roman state several advantages, such as control of the land route between Italy and the Iberian peninsula ; a buffer against attacks on Italy by tribes from Gaul ; and control of the lucrative trade routes of the Rhone valley, over which commercial goods flowed between Gaul and the trading center of Massalia.

* Siam — The king of Siam ( now Thailand ) had to surrender his country's hegemony over Laos and Cambodia and to grant commercial concessions to France, but managed to retain independence as a buffer state between French Indochina and the British Raj.

The realignment created a buffer zone between the port and the Melbourne Docklands residential and commercial areas.

The buffer tank breaks the energy of the liquid slug, smoothes any fluctuations in the incoming flow and acts as a sand trap.

In this way it can serve as a buffer and can be of much importance in the prevention of dike breaks and resulting flooding in densely populated area's in the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta.

Exile ( 1988 video game ) | Exile is an example of a game where the developers left non-graphical data visible in the display buffer to gain additional memory space.

In computer security and programming, a buffer overflow, or buffer overrun, is an anomaly where a program, while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffer's boundary and overwrites adjacent memory.

Programming languages commonly associated with buffer overflows include C and C ++, which provide no built-in protection against accessing or overwriting data in any part of memory and do not automatically check that data written to an array ( the built-in buffer type ) is within the boundaries of that array.

Additionally, in some kernels ( e. g. miscellaneous DOS variants ) is detected only at the time OS tries reading from a keyboard buffer and only if it's the only key sequence in the buffer, while is often translated instantly ( e. g. by INT 1Bh under DOS ).

The United Nations-controlled Green Line is a buffer zone that separates the two.

For instance, the PDP-8, having only 8 fixed-length instructions and no microcode at all, is a CISC because of how the instructions work, PowerPC, which has over 230 instructions ( more than some VAXes ) and complex internals like register renaming and a reorder buffer is a RISC, while Minimal CISC has 8 instructions, but is clearly a CISC because it combines memory access and computation in the same instructions.

Cyclone is designed to avoid buffer overflows and other vulnerabilities that are endemic in C programs, without losing the power and convenience of C as a tool for system programming.

Although this is desirable, it can lead to buffer overflows and other " off-by-one "- style mistakes.

More subtle is the slight over-representation of string operations, which is largely language-related: both Ada and Pascal have strings as normal variables in the language, whereas C does not, so what was simple variable assignment in reference benchmarks became buffer copy operations in the C library.

The formula was derived by Agner Krarup Erlang and is not limited to telephone networks, since it describes a probability in a queuing system ( albeit a special case with a number of servers but no buffer spaces for incoming calls to wait for a free server ).

A buffer is a region of text loaded into Emacs ' memory ( possibly from a file ) which can be saved into a text document.

For example, due to its large input resistance and low output resistance, it is effective as a buffer in common-drain ( source follower ) configuration.

Electrophoresis is performed in buffer solutions to reduce pH changes due to the electric field, which is important because the charge of DNA and RNA depends on pH, but running for too long can exhaust the buffering capacity of the solution.

Stacking gel ( 5 %) is poured on top of the resolving gel and a gel comb ( which forms the wells and defines the lanes where proteins, sample buffer and ladders will be placed ) is inserted.