the null hypothesis implies that different treatments result in

The Gaia hypothesis is sometimes viewed from significantly different philosophical perspectives.

For example, mammal-eating killer whales were long thought likely to be closely related to other mammal-eating killer whales from different regions, but genetic testing refuted this hypothesis.

The language was developed beginning in 1955 by Dr James Cooke Brown with the goal of making a language so different from natural languages that people learning it would think in a different way if the hypothesis were true.

Another, completely different, attempt to save " absolute " aether was made in the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis, which posited that everything was affected by travel through the aether.

The variation in ATP levels at different stages of the cell cycle support the hypothesis that mitochondria plays an important role in cell cycle regulation.

Though cognitive scholars have made some attempts to take on board the idea that different languages have evolved radically different concepts and conceptual metaphors, they have on the whole remained tied up in the somewhat reductive concept of worldview which derives from the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

A different hypothesis is linked with the above-mentioned acceptance of the veracity of Gero's invasion of Poland.

However, others of late have come to favour a different hypothesis: that the Frankish Kingdom comprised several regna ( loosely translated as kingdoms ) that since ancient times had maintained different customs and dialects.

Bayesian methods would suggest that one hypothesis was more probable than the other, but individual Bayesians might differ about which was the more probable and by how much, by virtue of having used different priors ; but that's the same thing as disagreeing on significance levels, except significance levels are just an ad hoc device which are not really a probability, while priors are not only justified by the rules of probability, but there is definitely a normative methodology to define beliefs ; so even if a Bayesian wanted to express complete ignorance ( as a frequentist claims to do but does it wrong ), they could do it with the maximum entropy principle.

In 1996, Thomas Lehman and Langston rejected the scavenging hypothesis, pointing out that the lower jaw bent so strongly downwards that even when it closed completely a gap of over five centimeters remained between it and the upper jaw, very different from the hooked beaks of specialized scavenging birds.

One version of the hypothesis is that a different type of nucleic acid, termed pre-RNA, was the first one to emerge as a self-reproducing molecule, to be replaced by RNA only later.

Since neither Sapir nor Whorf had ever stated an actual hypothesis, Brown and Lenneberg formulated one based on a condensation of the different expressions of the notion of linguistic relativity in their works.

In this case A is called the hypothesis of the theorem ( note that " hypothesis " here is something very different from a conjecture ) and B the conclusion ( A and B can also be denoted the antecedent and consequent ).

An unproven statement that is believed to be true is called a conjecture ( or sometimes a hypothesis, but with a different meaning from the one discussed above ).

An alternative resolution to the apparent contradictory material of Genesis 10: 5 and 11: 8-9 is found in the documentary hypothesis which suggests different sources for those verses.

If the first person accepts the hypothesis that " All ravens are black " then, according to the argument, about 50 objects whose colors were previously in doubt ( the ravens ) are now thought to be black, while nothing different is thought about the remaining objects ( the non-ravens ).

:... the logical form of each hypothesis distinguishes it with respect to its recommended type of supporting evidence: the possibly true substitution instances of each hypothesis relate to different types of objects.

The " stem-group arthropod " hypothesis is very widely accepted, but some trees suggest that the onychophorans may occupy a different position ; their brain anatomy is more closely related to that of the chelicerates than to any other arthropod.

The hypothesis suggests that worlds corresponding to different sets of initial conditions, physical constants, or altogether different equations should be considered real.

It has been proposed that Maya civilization | Maya sites such as Uxmal were built in accordance with astronomical alignments. The approach in the New World, where anthropologists began to consider more fully the role of astronomy in Amerindian civilizations, was markedly different.

More controversially, Disraeli also proposed to alter the workings of the income tax ( direct taxation ) by " differentiating "– i. e., different rates would be levied on different types of income.

Why Shakespeare's Banquo is so different from the character described by Holinshed and Boece is not known, though critics have proposed several possible explanations.

Many different causes and correlates of crime have been proposed with varying degree of empirical support.

David proposed the classification of legal systems, according to the different ideology inspiring each one, into five groups or families:

For example, President Wilson proposed the Treaty of Versailles after World War I after consulting with allied powers, but this treaty was rejected by the U. S. Senate ; as a result, the U. S. subsequently made separate agreements with different nations.

Some parapsychologists have proposed that our different functional labels ( clairvoyance, telepathy, precognition, etc.

However, in ethics the issues are most often multifaceted and the best proposed actions address many different areas concurrently.

An earlier, slightly different sense of the term was proposed by John Stuart Mill in his 1843 < cite > System of Logic </ cite >.

Pauling first proposed the concept of electronegativity in 1932 as an explanation of the fact that the covalent bond between two different atoms ( A – B ) is stronger than would be expected by taking the average of the strengths of the A – A and B – B bonds.

The conjecture was first proposed in 1852 when Francis Guthrie, while trying to color the map of counties of England, noticed that only four different colors were needed.

Coulomb further considered the influence of sliding velocity, temperature and humidity, in order to decide between the different explanations on the nature of friction that had been proposed.

In 1843 James Braid, a Scottish physician proposed the term hypnosis for a technique derived from magnetism but more limited in its claimed effects, and also different in its conception.

In addition, the nature of the proposed mixture would have been radically different from the siphon-projected substance described by Byzantine sources.

The Radura logo as regulated by FDA is slightly different from the international version as proposed in Codex Alimentarius.

Travis Jackson has also proposed a broader definition of jazz which is able to encompass all of the radically different eras: he states that it is music that includes qualities such as " swinging ", improvising, group interaction, developing an ' individual voice ', and being ' open ' to different musical possibilities ".

Anne Ross, an expert on Iron Age religion, proposed that the death was an example of human sacrifice and that the " triple death " ( throat cut, strangled, and hit on the head ) was an offering to several different gods.

Others proposed that philosophy is a complex discipline because it has 4 or 6 different dimensions.

Quoting Gérard de Nerval Art Historian Jean-Yves Heurtebise has further proposed that Dutch mannerism would typically use an otherwise general principle of Art History consisting of " the ability to capture what is different and to become different itself in this process "

There have been a large number of proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds.

These relationships imply that each of the super string theories is a different aspect of a single underlying theory, proposed by Witten, and named " M-theory ".

In 2009, an interviewer proposed to Al Jaffee, " There's a group of Mad afficionados who feel that if Harvey Kurtzman had stayed at Mad, the magazine would not only have been different, but better.