Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus.

) In the field of particle physics, " shmoo " refers to a high energy survey instrument, as utilized at the Los Alamos National Laboratory to capture subatomic cosmic ray particles emitted from the Cygnus X-3 constellation.

Dark energy in its simplest formulation takes the form of the cosmological constant term in Einstein's field equations of general relativity, but its composition and mechanism are unknown and, more generally, the details of its equation of state and relationship with the Standard Model of particle physics continue to be investigated both observationally and theoretically.

The physical model behind cosmic inflation is extremely simple, however it has not yet been confirmed by particle physics, and there are difficult problems reconciling inflation and quantum field theory.

The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and The Division of Condensed Matter Physics ( DCMP ) is the largest division of the American Physical Society.

The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics.

Theoretical models have also been developed to study the physics of phase transitions, such as the Landau-Ginzburg theory, Critical exponents and the use of mathematical techniques of quantum field theory and the renormalization group.

* Relativity and Quantum field theory ( physics ), η ( with two subscripts ) represents the metric tensor of Minkowski space ( flat spacetime ).

In the field of high-energy particle physics, the fundamental velocity unit is the speed of light c. Thus, dividing energy in eV by the speed of light in vacuum, one can describe the momentum of an electron in units of eV / c.

Provided the theory is linear with respect to the wavefunction, the exact form of the quantum dynamics modelled, be it the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation, relativistic quantum field theory or some form of quantum gravity or string theory, does not alter the validity of MWI since MWI is a metatheory applicable to all linear quantum theories, and there is no experimental evidence for any non-linearity of the wavefunction in physics.

Explorer satellites have made important discoveries: Earth's magnetosphere and the shape of its gravity field ; the solar wind ; properties of micrometeoroids raining down on the Earth ; much about ultraviolet, cosmic, and X-rays from the solar system and universe beyond ; ionospheric physics ; Solar plasma ; solar energetic particles ; and atmospheric physics.

In some models of broken Lorentz symmetry, it is postulated that the symmetry is still built into the most fundamental laws of physics, but that spontaneous symmetry breaking of Lorentz invariance shortly after the Big Bang could have left a " relic field " throughout the universe which causes particles to behave differently depending on their velocity relative to the field ; however, there are also some models where Lorentz symmetry is broken in a more fundamental way.

When calculating scattering cross sections in particle physics, the interaction between particles can be described by starting from a free field which describes the incoming and outgoing particles, and including an interaction Hamiltonian to describe how the particles deflect one another.

In physics, the graviton is a hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravitation in the framework of quantum field theory.

de Garis originally studied theoretical physics, but he abandoned this field in favour of artificial intelligence.

The field is at the intersection of mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics, neurobiology, and electrical engineering.

Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in laser media, and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser.

Unlike the physics of rigid bodies where the equations of motion describe the physical location of the rigid body, fluid dynamics describes the flow as a velocity field, i. e. a solution associates each point in space with a vector that represents the speed and direction of the flow at that point.

It is a multidisciplinary field intersecting engineering, physics, chemistry, microtechnology and biotechnology, with practical

In the Standard Model of particle physics, this symmetry is described as arising as a consequence of a coupling of particles with rest mass to a postulated additional field, known as the Higgs field.

`` It would be a disgrace, and, as I have already said to the people of Tennessee, if Hearst is nominated, we may as well pen a dispatch, and send it back from the field of battle: ' All is lost, including our honor ' ''.

This involves the application of a strong magnetic field to the radical vapor, which shifts the low-frequency spectra to a conveniently high microwave range, where they may be measured with optimum sensitivity.

*:" You may not like personally, but he's at least as great a man as Einstein-at least-because his field is broader.

The sum, difference, product and quotient of two algebraic numbers is again algebraic ( this fact can be demonstrated using the resultant ), and the algebraic numbers therefore form a field, sometimes denoted by A ( which may also denote the adele ring ) or < span style =" text-decoration: overline ;"> Q </ span >.

A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called an acoustical engineer.

However, in the Coulomb field of a nucleus the translational invariance is broken and single-photon annihilation may occur.

One may try to quantize an electron field without mixing the annihilation and creation operators by writing

Rather, the sample is evaporated in a controlled manner ( field evaporation ) and the evaporated ions are impacted onto a detector, which may be up to several meters from the specimen.

For these tip models, solutions to the field may be approximated or obtained analytically.

Practical tip to screen distances may range from several centimeters to several meters, with increased detector area required at larger to subtend the same field of view.

Whilst the magnification of both the field ion and atom probe microscopes is extremely high, the exact magnification is dependant upon conditions specific to the examined specimen, so unlike for conventional electron microscopes, there is often little direct control on magnification, and furthermore, obtained images may have strongly variable magnifications due to fluctuations in the shape of the electric field at the surface.

Semi-conductor materials are often analysable in atom probe, however sample preparation may be more difficult, and interpretation of results may be more complex, particularly if the semi-conductor contains phases which evaporate at differing electric field strengths.

Schools may also own and operate their own buses for other transport needs, such as class field trips, or to transport associated sports, music or other school groups.

Even though the author of the book states that Ruth " just happens " to find Boaz's field ( Ruth 2: 3 ), the reader may be led to accede to the notion that in Bible terms there is no mere chance, but that chance and God's providence amount to the same thing.

“ They may produce global epidemics and impair the health of future generations .” He then stated that, in recognition of these dangers, the United States had decided to destroy its entire stockpile of biological agents and confine its future biological research program to defensive measures, such as vaccines and field detectors.

The field may also be referred to as computational biology, and can be defined as, " conceptualizing biology in terms of molecules and then applying informatics techniques to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, on a large scale.

Graduate programs in BME, like in other scientific fields, are highly varied, and particular programs may emphasize certain aspects within the field.

Goldstone's theorem in quantum field theory states that in a system with broken continuous symmetry, there may exist excitations with arbitrarily low energy, called the Goldstone bosons.

This may indicate a co-owner as in a legal partnership or may be used in a general way to refer to a broad class of employees or temporary / contract workers who are often assigned field or customer service work.

Although organizational communication, as a field of study, is usually geared toward companies and business groups, these may also be seen as communities.

While people may gain celebrity status as a result of a successful career in a particular field ( primarily in the areas pertaining towards sports and entertainment ), in other cases, people become celebrities due to media attention for their extravagant lifestyle or wealth ( as in the case of a socialite ); for their connection to a famous person ( as in the case of a relative of a famous person ); or even for their misdeeds ( as in the case of a well-known criminal ).