As part of that theory, Newton considered that drag was due to the dimensions of a body, the density of the fluid, and the velocity raised to the second power.

*** Solar thermal energy ( the sun as the heat source ): solar parabolic troughs and solar power towers concentrate sunlight to heat a heat transfer fluid, which is then used to produce steam.

A hydraulic motor is one that derives its power from a pressurized fluid.

Lubricants known as hydraulic fluid are used as the working fluid in hydrostatic power transmission.

Power reactors generally convert the kinetic energy of fission products into heat, which is used to heat a working fluid and drive a heat engine that generates mechanical or electrical power.

Usually heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid ( water or gas ), which runs through turbines that power either ship's propellers or generators.

The power imparted into a fluid will increase the energy of the fluid per unit volume.

Thus the power relationship is between the conversion of the mechanical energy of the pump mechanism and the fluid elements within the pump.

For the fluid imparting the work on the pump ( i. e. a turbine ), the work is negative power required to drive the pump is determined by dividing the output power by the pump efficiency.

Pump efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power imparted on the fluid by the pump in relation to the power supplied to drive the pump.

Under certain mathematical premises of the fluid, there can be extracted a mathematical connection between power, radius of the propeller, torque and induced velocity.

In fluid power systems such as hydraulic actuators, power is given by

Some fluid system designs, especially in chemical or power plants, are schematically represented in piping and instrumentation diagrams.

Antimatter annihilations are used to directly or indirectly heat a working fluid, as in a nuclear thermal rocket, but the fluid is used to generate electricity, which is then used to power some form of electric space propulsion system.

In fluid power and fluid mechanics

One standard is standard pressure used for pneumatic fluid power ( ISO R554 ), and in the aerospace ( ISO 2533 ) and petroleum ( ISO 5024 ) industries.

The power consumption of a stirrer with a given shape is a function of the density and the viscosity of the fluid to be stirred, the size of the stirrer given by its diameter, and the speed of the stirrer.

Emerging new classes of internet portals called Cloud Portals are showcasing the power of API ( Application Programming Interface ) rich software systems leveraging SOA ( service oriented architecture, web services, and custom data exchange ) to accommodate machine to machine interaction creating a more fluid user experience for connecting users spanning multiple domains during a given " session ".

A system had to be used which did not depend upon the feeding of the fluid into the manometer if measurements of the normal pressure were to be made in a reasonable time.

If Af is the change per unit volume in Gibbs function caused by the shear field at constant P and T, and **yr is the density of the fluid, then the total potential energy of the system above the reference height is Af.

Lumbar puncture procedure, which is performed in many infectious disorders of the central nervous system is contraindicated in this condition ( as it is in all space-occupying lesions of the brain ) because removing a certain portion of the cerebrospinal fluid may alter the concrete intracranial pressure balances and causes the brain tissue to move across structures within the skull ( brain herniation ).

Insects and some mollusks use a fluid called hemolymph instead of blood, the difference being that hemolymph is not contained in a closed circulatory system.

In addition, if all human hemoglobin were free in the plasma rather than being contained in RBCs, the circulatory fluid would be too viscous for the cardiovascular system to function effectively.

Once in the body, the bacteria can enter the lymphatic system, which drains interstitial fluid.

In the diagram, the “ working body ” ( system ), a term introduced by Clausius in 1850, can be any fluid or vapor body through which heat Q can be introduced or transmitted to produce work.

A system can be mechanical, electrical, fluid, chemical, financial and even biological, and the mathematical modeling, analysis and controller design uses control theory in one or many of the time, frequency and complex-s domains, depending on the nature of the design problem.

If we choose the shape of the control volume such that all flow in or out occurs perpendicular to its surface, then the flow of matter into the system performs work as if it were a piston of fluid pushing mass into the system, and the system performs work on the flow of matter out as if it were driving a piston of fluid.

Lymphedema ( lymphoedema in British English ), also known as lymphatic obstruction, is a condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system.

The lymphatic system returns the interstitial fluid to the thoracic duct and then to the bloodstream, where it is recirculated back to the tissues.

must return through the lymphatic collection system to maintain tissue fluid balance.

These charged particles ( ions ) are found in the fluid that surrounds the entire nervous system.

While this same approach worked for Mach's ports as well, under Mach the operating system was assumed to be much more fluid, with ports appearing and disappearing all the time.

In this respect, endoneurial fluid is similar to cerebro-spinal fluid in the central nervous system.

Darwin challenged the validity of Galton's experiment, giving his reasons in an article published in ' Nature ' where he wrote: " Now, in the chapter on Pangenesis in my Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, I have not said one word about the blood, or about any fluid proper to any circulating system.

A lot of energy is wasted when the fluid is accelerated in the piping system.

The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward or axially into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it exits into the downstream piping system.

The fluid pumping efficiency of a valveless system, however, is not necessarily lower than that having valves.

An acoustical interferometer has been constructed and used, with helium gas as the thermometric fluid, to measure temperatures near 4.2 and 2.1 Af.

The aardwolf has two glands at its rear end that secrete a musky fluid for marking territory and for communicating with other aardwolves.

Computational fluid dynamics was started as an effort to solve for flow properties around complex objects and has rapidly grown to the point where entire aircraft can be designed using a computer, with wind-tunnel tests followed by flight tests to confirm the computer predictions.

The categorization of dances as " ballroom dances " has always been fluid, with new dances or folk dances being added to or removed from the ballroom repertoire from time to time, so no list of subcategories or dances is any more than a description of current practices.

The cervix has an opening to allow sperm and menstrual fluid to move through.

This increase in glycerol has been postulated to be responsible for the lubricating quality of this fertile cervical fluid and may be biologically relevant during the early phase of reproductive events.

The political situation in Comoros has been extremely fluid since the country's independence in 1975, subject to the volatility of coups and political insurrection.

If the ball has a rough surface, the fluid flowing past it will make it rotate.

This research has been implemented in fluid construction grammar ( FCG ), a formalism for construction grammars that has been specially designed for the origins and evolution of language.

Once the old cuticle has separated from the epidermis, the digesting fluid is secreted into the space in between them.

However, this fluid remains inactive until the upper part of the new cuticle has been formed.

This additional constraint simplifies the governing equations, especially in the case when the fluid has a uniform density.

Viscous problems are those in which fluid friction has significant effects on the fluid motion.

Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.

The wine, fluid, or liquid gallon has been the standard US gallon since the early 19th century.

Jasmuheen has stated that she has lived on approximately 300 calories per day for the last fourteen years, maintaining full health through supplementing a fluid intake with ' cosmic particles ' or micro-food, which she describes as prana.

Recently, the technique of bioimpedance measurement ( which measures the amount of fluid in a limb ) has been shown to have greater sensitivity than these existing methods, and holds promise as a simple diagnostic and screening tool.

Mistakes can be corrected by brushing them out with a specially formulated correction fluid, and retyping once it has dried.

The most obvious sign that meconium has been passed during or before labor is the greenish or yellowish appearance of the amniotic fluid.

These symptoms alone do not necessarily indicate that the baby has inhaled in the fluid by gasping in utero or after birth.

Amnioinfusion, a method of thinning thick meconium that has passed into the amniotic fluid through pumping of sterile fluid into the amniotic fluid, has not shown a benefit in treating MAS.