By clarifying fundamental premises in the social sciences, and defining the logical problems emergent at the borderlands of each new scientific discipline, philosophy can offer the sort of distinction that can accelerate growth in human understanding.

In juxtaposition, it also marks a fundamental distinction from western philosophy, in which the dominant view of time is a linear progression.

One last distinction within citizenship is the so-called consent descent distinction, and this issue addresses whether citizenship is a fundamental matter determined by a person choosing to belong to a particular nation –– by his or her consent –– or is citizenship a matter of where a person was born –– that is, by his or her descent.

The most fundamental aspectual distinction, represented in many languages, is between perfective aspect and imperfective aspect.

The preamble of the charter provides that the members " reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the equal rights of men and women " and Article 1 ( 3 ) of the United Nations charter states that one of the purposes of the UN is: " to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion ".

# To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion ; and

His services to his church have been summed up thus: ( 1 ) he has a keen sense of the proportion of the faith and maintains a clear distinction between what is fundamental, needing ecclesiastical commands, and subsidiary, needing only ecclesiastical guidance and suggestion ; ( 2 ) as distinguished from the earlier protesting standpoint, e. g. of the Thirty-nine Articles, he emphasized a positive and constructive statement of the Anglican position.

The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the primary distinction between them is the way they answer two fundamental questions: " what does reality consist of and how does it originate?

Thus, the distinction between micro-and macroevolution is not a fundamental onethe only difference between them is of time and scale.

Classical measure theory makes deep usage of the axiom of choice, which is fundamental to, first, distinction between measurable and non-measurable sets, the existence of the latter being behind such famous results as the Banach – Tarski paradox, and secondly the hierarchies of notions of measure captured by notions such as Borel algebras, which are an important source of intuitions in set theory.

These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of " state " and " government.

The distinction between an immediate proximate cause and the more fundamental causes has become a staple of historical research.

the term " racial discrimination " shall mean any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin that has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.

Article 1 of the 1945 UN Charter includes " promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race " as UN purpose.

… any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin that has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.

In addition to these studies, he produced more linguistically focused writings in which he applied Saussure's distinction between langue and parole in his search for the fundamental structures of the human mind, arguing that the structures that form the " deep grammar " of society originate in the mind and operate in us unconsciously.

The relational interpretation makes no fundamental distinction between the human experimenter, the cat, or the apparatus, or between animate and inanimate systems ; all are quantum systems governed by the same rules of wavefunction evolution, and all may be considered " observers.

Darwin concluded: " Finally, then, the facts briefly given in this chapter do not seem to me opposed to, but even rather to support the view, that there is no fundamental distinction between species and varieties.

The United Nations Charter " reaffirmed faith in fundamental human rights, and dignity and worth of the human person " and committed all member states to promote " universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion ".

This distinction is often overlooked but is fundamental to the genetic classification of languages ( Greenberg 2005 ).

Promote and develop sustainable tourism so as to contribute to economic development, international understanding, peace, prosperity and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.

From even a cursory inspection of its many aspects, however, the historian can deduce several fundamental conclusions about the progress of the Aegean world down to 800 B.C.

( Pp. 228-229 ) in any event, it is obvious that the anti-trust laws did not prevent the formation of some of the greatest financial empires the world has ever known, held together by some of the most fantastic ideas, all based on the fundamental notion that a corporation is an individual who can trade and exchange goods without control by the government ''.

These dynamic relationships, between what can be observed on the ground, as opposed to what can be observed by compiling many local observations remain fundamental in any kind of anthropology, whether cultural, biological, linguistic or archaeological.

Similar to federal post-conviction relief, an appellant can petition the court to correct alleged fundamental errors that were not corrected on direct review.

The lowest possible energy an electron can take is therefore analogous to the fundamental frequency of a wave on a string.

Noise can arise from environmental factors as well as from fundamental physical processes.

These authors proved, however, that no optical system can justify these suppositions, since they are contradictory to the fundamental laws of reflexion and refraction.

Antiderivatives are important because they can be used to compute definite integrals, using the fundamental theorem of calculus: if F is an antiderivative of the integrable function f, then:

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that any positive integer n can be represented uniquely as a product of powers of primes: where p < sub > 1 </ sub > < p < sub > 2 </ sub > < ... < p < sub > k </ sub > are primes and the a < sub > j </ sub > are positive integers.

Plants are the fundamental base of nearly all food chains because they use the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil and atmosphere, converting them into a form that can be consumed and utilized by animals ; this is what ecologists call the first trophic level.

* Whole-tube instruments have larger bores in relation to tubing length, and can play the fundamental tone with ease and precision.

The fundamental question underlying all computing is " What can be ( efficiently ) automated?

The most significant point is that under the capitalist mode of production, patent, and copyright laws support in fundamental and thoroughgoing ways the expansion of the range of creative human activities that can be commodified.

In this way, many ontological controversies can be understood as controversies about exactly which categories should be seen as fundamental, irreducible, or primitive.

The fundamental concept of cognitive science is " that thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures.

Basic constructions, such as the fundamental group or fundamental groupoid of a topological space, can be expressed as fundamental functors to the category of groupoids in this way, and the concept is pervasive in algebra and its applications.

Inspired by John Locke, the fundamental constitutional principle is that the individual can do anything but that which is forbidden by law, while the state may do nothing but that which is authorized by law.

Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the " fundamental equations of Gibbs " can be derived.

In his 1799 doctorate in absentia, A new proof of the theorem that every integral rational algebraic function of one variable can be resolved into real factors of the first or second degree, Gauss proved the fundamental theorem of algebra which states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root.

Mr. Richard Preston, executive director of the New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, in his remarks to the Governors Conference on Industrial Development at Providence on October 8, 1960, warned against the fallacy of attempting to attract industry solely to reduce the tax rate or to underwrite municipal services such as schools when he said: `` If this is the fundamental reason for a community's interest or if this is the basic approach, success if any will be difficult to obtain ''.

The fundamental differences between physiological and pathological states of parasympathetic ( and also of sympathetic ) dominance remain to be elucidated.

As a result, it was decided that a mail questionnaire sent to a large number of companies would be more effective in determining the general practices and opinions of small firms and in highlighting some of the fundamental and recurring problems of defense procurement that concern both industry and government.

However needed this may be, the fundamental problem is not information but active commitment to the total mission of the church of Christ in the world.

There must also be additional and more fundamental discrimination in the use of means of resistance, violent or non-violent.

A century ago, Newman saw that liberalism ( what we now might call secularism ) would gradually but definitely make its mark on English Protestantism, and that even high Anglicanism would someday no longer be a `` serviceable breakwater against doctrinal errors more fundamental than its own ''.

This work shows how Alan saw theological education as being a fundamental preliminary step in preaching and strove to give clergyman a manuscript to be “ used as a practical manual ” when it came to the formation of sermons and art of preaching.

" In practical terms, the most important law in the code may well be the very first: " We enjoin, what is most necessary, that each man keep carefully his oath and his pledge ," which expresses a fundamental tenet of Anglo-Saxon law.

While administrative decision-making bodies are often controlled by larger governmental units, their decisions could be reviewed by a court of general jurisdiction under some principle of judicial review based upon due process ( United States ) or fundamental justice ( Canada ).

As a result, they believe it is unremarkable the universe's fundamental constants happen to fall within the narrow range thought to be compatible with life.

If he himself philosopher did not exist, he would not be there to ask questions about the nature of reality ... on the other hand, this fundamental fact, which we call existence, soon proves a rather barren topic for philosophic speculation ...

The Laser Mégajoule will be one of the most powerful lasers in the world, allowing fundamental research and the development of the laser and plasma technologies.

Whilst the population remains small, the impact of transfers will be greater, it is for that reason that the establishment of a " metapopulation management plan " occurs concurrently with conservation initiatives to enhance in-situ population growth and why this initiative is both urgent and fundamental to the future survival of mountain bongo in the wild.

Mitchell says that numerous people who have examined his teachings and those of Koresh's and his followers, Charles Pace, and Teresa Moore, and have found their teachings to be divergent from the fundamental doctrines of the church, and have sided with him.

The quantum Hall effect was discovered by Klaus von Klitzing in 1980 when he observed the Hall conductivity to be integer multiples of a fundamental constant.