The authors set about answering this fundamental question through a detailed investigation of the patient's ability, tactually, ( 1 ) to perceive figure and ( 2 ) to locate objects in space, with his eyes closed ( or turned away from the object concerned ).

After James Prescott Joule had determined the mechanical equivalent of heat, Lord Kelvin approached the question from an entirely different point of view, and in 1848 devised a scale of absolute temperature which was independent of the properties of any particular substance and was based solely on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics.

One most fundamental question that continues to exercise philosophers is put by William James:

In Greece, China and India there was a return to fundamental questions and a new interest in the question of how humans should live.

The idea that liberalism comes in two forms assumes that the most fundamental question facing mankind is how much government intervenes into the economy ...

In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way.

A fundamental question of longstanding theoretical interest is to prove lower bounds on the complexity and exact operation counts of fast Fourier transforms, and many open problems remain.

The inherent noise ( that is, the error ) in the channel poses the organism with a fundamental question: how can a genetic code be constructed to withstand the impact of noise while accurately and efficiently translating information?

A fundamental question in team task design is whether or not a task is even appropriate for a team.

For many years a fundamental question in physics was whether a left-hand rule would be equivalent.

In recent years many scholars have investigated the original ways in which writers use novel metaphors and question the fundamental frameworks of thinking implicit in conceptual metaphors.

From a sociological, cultural or philosophical perspective, the question becomes, to what extent ideologies maintain and impose conceptual patterns of thought by introducing, supporting, and adapting fundamental patterns of thinking metaphorically.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

However, in the 19th century, with the development of historical-comparative linguistics, linguists began to realize the sheer diversity of human language, and to question fundamental assumptions about the relationship between language and logic.

Mark Srednicki has argued that the fundamental postulate can be derived assuming only that Berry's conjecture ( named after Michael Berry ) applies to the system in question.

It could be considered that in this approach lies the most fundamental nature of the question.

This is Heidegger's " question of being ," and it is Heidegger's fundamental concern throughout his work.

Most of the laws of physics themselves as we experience them today appear to have emerged during the course of time making emergence the most fundamental principle in the universe and raising the question of what might be the most fundamental law of physics from which all others emerged.

It is difficult to apply to painters such as Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier, whose fundamental differences from traditional Cubism compelled Kahnweiler to question their right to be called Cubists at all.

* "... The experiment was specifically designed to address a fundamental research question, not to make a device that would be capable of producing energy, Block says ... To verify the presence of fusion, the researchers used three independent neutron detectors and one gamma ray detector.

However, defining physical objects in terms of fundamental particles ( e. g. quarks ) leaves open the question of what is the nature of a fundamental particle and thus asks what categories of being can be used to explain physical objects.

Richard Fuchs, author of An Unerring Fire, concludes, “ The affair at Fort Pillow was simply an orgy of death, a mass lynching to satisfy the basest of conduct – intentional murder – for the vilest of reasons – racism and personal enmity .” Andrew Ward downplays the controversy, “ Whether the massacre was premeditated or spontaneous does not address the more fundamental question of whether a massacre took place ... it certainly did, in every dictionary sense of the word .” John Cimprich states, “ The new paradigm in social attitudes and the fuller use of available evidence has favored a massacre interpretation ...

These range from simplified forms of the first-principles equations that are easier or faster to solve, to approximations limiting the size of the system ( for example, periodic boundary conditions ), to fundamental approximations to the underlying equations that are required to achieve any solution to them at all.

Drawing the underlying construction is a fundamental skill for representational art and is taught in many books and schools, as its correct application will resolve most uncertainties about smaller details and make the final image look self-consistent.

Historical materialism started from a fundamental underlying reality of human existence: that in order for human beings to survive and continue existence from generation to generation, it is necessary for them to produce and reproduce the material requirements of life.

The differences between monohulls and multihulls are due to a fundamental difference in their underlying design principles, which can even be traced back to the days of the dugout canoe.

Scanning meter can often show the basic or fundamental pattern underlying a verse, but does not show the varying degrees of stress, as well as the differing pitches and lengths of syllables.

Or understood as something more fundamental underlying an actual mass or density function.

Phenotypic variation ( due to underlying heritable genetic variation ) is a fundamental prerequisite for evolution by natural selection.

On the other hand it is often claimed that, despite the apparently ever-increasing complexity of the mathematics of each new theory, in a deep sense associated with their underlying gauge symmetry and the number of fundamental physical constants, the theories are becoming simpler.

Philosophy of physics is the study of the fundamental, philosophical questions underlying modern physics, the study of matter and energy and how they interact.

# In an open-network-architecture context, the fundamental underlying connection of an enhanced service provider ( ESP ) to and through the operating company's network including an ESP access link, the features and functions associated with that access link at the central office serving the ESP and / or other offices, and the transport ( dedicated or switched ) within the network that completes the connection from the ESP to the central office serving its customers or to capabilities associated with the customer's complementary network services.

While the fundamental technology underlying the Marathon engine is still considered rather outdated by today's standards, Aleph One has added significant improvements and a more modern polish to its capabilities and ported it to a wide variety of platforms, bringing Marathon and its derivatives far beyond their Mac roots.

Also, since every ontological primitive must be acknowledged as one of the fundamental principles of the natural world, we must also account for why this element in particular should be considered one of those underlying principles.

In contrast to the underlying sediments of the Ludlow Series which were deposited in a shallow warm sea some 400 million years ago, the Ludlow Bone Bed represents terrestrial ( land ) conditions and thus a fundamental change in the landscape.

It is based on underlying principles of a commitment to good governance, democracy, human rights and conflict resolution ; and the recognition that maintenance of these standards is fundamental to the creation of an environment conducive to investment and long-term economic growth.

However, caution should be exerted in considering such a statement because it is an idealized model of the process, introduced to describe the fundamental ideas underlying the process.

It is a fundamental layer underlying the logical data structures of the higher level functions in a network.

Clave is written in this way in the following example in order to illustrate the underlying metric structure of four main beats, which is fundamental to the dynamism of the pattern.

Sewing is the fundamental process underlying a variety of textile arts and crafts, including embroidery, tapestry, quilting, appliqué and patchwork.

In philosophy, the philosophy of physics studies the fundamental philosophical questions underlying modern physics, the study of matter and energy and how they interact.

Rather, a future that fulfills on the fundamental concerns of the relevant parties indicates the future that wasn ’ t going to happen is not the “ idea of the leader ”, but rather is what emerges from digging deep to find the underlying concerns of those who are impacted by the leadership.

To bring up the factual incorrectness of the claim by mentioning ancient and modern examples of legal same-sex marriage does not rebut the fallacy as a fallacy, it merely debunks the factual claim without bothering to address the underlying fundamental flaw in logic.

Clearly, the fundamental error of regarding functional notions as categorial is unspecified with respect to an abstract underlying order.

The goals of supported research include an improved understanding of drug action and mechanisms of anesthesia ; pharmacogenetics / pharmacogenomics and mechanisms underlying individual responses to drugs ; new methods and targets for drug discovery ; advances in natural products synthesis ; an enhanced understanding of biological catalysis ; a greater knowledge of metabolic regulation and fundamental physiological processes ; and the integration and application of basic physiological, pharmacological, and biochemical research to clinical issues in anesthesia, clinical pharmacology and trauma and burn injury.

Fundamental justice is a legal term that signifies a dynamic concept of fairness underlying the administration of justice and its operation, whereas principles of fundamental justice are specific legal principles that command " significant societal consensus " as " fundamental to the way in which the legal system ought fairly to operate.