In modern times, collectivism is sometimes thought to be synonymous with socialism or specifically Leninism for its emphasis on a hierarchical Vanguard party organization, though collectivism more accurately simply means " group oriented " or " group orientation ".

A crew is a body or a class of people who work at a common activity, generally in a structured or hierarchical organization.

This is the dominant mode of organization among large organizations ; most corporations, governments, and organized religions are hierarchical organizations with different levels of management, power or authority.

Hierarchies and hierarchical thinking has been criticized by many people, including Susan McClary and one political philosophy which is vehemently opposed to hierarchical organization: anarchism is generally opposed to hierarchical organization in any form of human relations.

Mind mapping software can be used to organize large amounts of information, combining spatial organization, dynamic hierarchical structuring and node folding.

Such finds show sophisticated, monumental construction requiring large-scale organization of labor, suggesting that hierarchical, complex cultures arose in South America much earlier than scholars had thought.

In an organizational structure, the Peter Principle's practical application allows assessment of the potential of an employee for a promotion based on performance in the current job ; i. e., members of an hierarchical organization eventually are promoted to their highest level of competence, after which further promotion raises them to incompetence.

Used in the sense of an association, a society is a body of individuals outlined by the bounds of functional interdependence, possibly comprising characteristics such as national or cultural identity, social solidarity, language, or hierarchical organization.

) does not always take the form of hierarchical social organization or stratification.

A tree structure showing the possible hierarchical organization of an encyclopedia.

His viewpoint is that science can only progress by outlining what questions are unanswerable and by using models that do not attempt to explain everything in terms of smaller hierarchical levels of organization, but instead model them on the scale of the system itself, taking into account some ( but not all ) factors from levels both higher and lower in the hierarchy.

As in Stranger in a Strange Land, a band of social revolutionaries forms a secretive and hierarchical organization.

Following the ban of Falun Gong in 1999, Chinese authorities sought to portray Falun Gong as a hierarchical and well-funded organization.

The primary concept of X. 500 is that there is a single Directory Information Tree ( DIT ), a hierarchical organization of entries which are distributed across one or more servers, called Directory System Agents ( DSA ).

In an organization with a heterogeneous IT infrastructure and requirements that span dozens or hundreds of systems and applications, using RBAC to manage sufficient roles and assign adequate role memberships becomes extremely complex without hierarchical creation of roles and privilege assignments.

It enabled Falcone to argue that Cosa Nostra was a unified hierarchical structure ruled by a Commission and that its leaders -– who normally would not dirty their hands with criminal acts –- could be held responsible for criminal activities that were committed to benefit the organization.

Prior to this, the European medieval organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order.

A leader in a formal, hierarchical organization, who is appointed to a managerial position, has the right to command and enforce obedience by virtue of the authority of his position.

It reflected Alfred's own belief in a doctrine of divine rewards and punishments rooted in a vision of a hierarchical Christian world order in which God is the Lord to whom kings owe obedience and through whom they derive their authority over their followers.

An Active Directory structure is a hierarchical arrangement of information about objects.

Corporate capitalism is a free or mixed-market economy characterized by the dominance of hierarchical, bureaucratic corporations, which are legally required to pursue profit.

The process is generally thought to involve two primary mechanisms: ( 1 ) hierarchical processing of sensory inputs, ( 2 ) memory.

Vertical collectivism is based on hierarchical structures of power and on moral and cultural conformity, and is therefore based on centralization.

However, political collectivism is not necessarily associated with support for states, governments, or other hierarchical institutions.

Brazil's Demographic Census is one of the most hierarchical collection of census data in the world.

McKim Marriott claims a social stratification that is hierarchical, closed, endogamous and hereditary is widely prevalent, particularly in western parts of Pakistan.

The specifics of the caste systems have varied in ethnically and culturally diverse Africa, however the following features are common-it has been a closed system of social stratification, the social status is inherited, the castes are hierarchical, certain castes are shunned while others are merely endogamous and exclusionary.

Each broad caste level is a hierarchical order that is based on notions of purity, non-purity and impurity.

The Domain Name System ( DNS ) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.

In this model a hierarchical relationship between two record types ( representing real-world entities ) is established by the set construct.

This model is more general and powerful than the hierarchical, and has been the most popular before being replaced by the Relational model.

IMS is classified as a hierarchical database.

The hierarchical structure is used primarily today for storing geographic information and file systems.

A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure.

Just as in an alphanumeric system, the DDC is hierarchical ; it also uses some aspects of a faceted classification scheme, combining elements from different parts of the structure, to construct a number representing the subject content ( often combining two subject elements with linking numbers and geographical and temporal elements ) and the form of an item, rather than drawing upon a list containing each class and its meaning.

Thanks to the use of pure notation, a mnemonics system and a hierarchical decimal place system, it is generally easier to use.

That is, mathematics is context-independent knowledge within a hierarchical framework.

Members of hierarchical organizational structures chiefly communicate with their immediate superior and with their immediate subordinates.

Amidst constant innovation in information and communication technologies, hierarchical authority structures are giving way to greater decision-making latitude for individuals and more flexible definitions of job activities and this new style of work presents a challenge to existing organizational forms, with some research studies contrasting traditional organizational forms against groups that operate as online communities that are characterized by personal motivation and the satisfaction of making one's own decisions.

However, the tradition of hierarchical organizational structures and generous rewarding of political favors prevails.

* Management: hierarchical organizational structures

A reverse hierarchy is a conceptual organizational structure that attempts to " invert " the classical pyramid of hierarchical organisations.

The actual organizational structure ( hierarchical, iterative, etc.

His contribution to the theory and practice of organizational life will remain important well into the 21st century, particularly amongst those who feel uncomfortable with hierarchical bureaucracy and want to replace it with something more human and democratic.

The church hierarchical administration ( Filipino: Pamamahala ), centralized church governance, theological orientation, places of worship architectural design, adaptation to modern technology, very strong and strict discipline, and country of origin or establishment, are some of the INC features, polity and organizational structure that identify itself different from Restoration Movement, Protestantism, Catholicism and mainstream Christianity.

Following the lateral relations concept, it also becomes possible to employ an organizational form that is different from the simple hierarchical information.

In other words, just as all the pair of alleles within the genetic material of an organism determines the physical characteristics of the organism, the combined expressions of all the employees ’ formal hierarchical and informal community participation within an organization give rise to the organizational structure.

Due to the vast potentially different combination of the employees ’ formal hierarchical and informal community participation, each organization is therefore a unique phenotype along a spectrum between a pure hierarchy and a pure community ( flat ) organizational structure.

His personal and professional relationships ( as well as the organizational structure behind the Grito de Lares, an event that, in theory, clashes with traditional Freemason beliefs ) were based upon his relationships with Freemasons, their hierarchical structure, rites and signs.

The chairman also moved to devolve more autonomy to the profit centres and changing from a strictly hierarchical organizational structure to one based on teams.

However, exercising control over activities performed by subordinates and monitoring their communication, the nodes at the upper hierarchical levels would be suffering from information overload, since all communication to other branches of the organizational structure would be routed through them.

The Latin Kings have a hierarchical organizational structure: they have numerous " chapters " or " tribes " across the country, which adhere to a regional, state, and a national system.

The Guttman model works best for constructs that are hierarchical and highly structured such as social distance, organizational hierarchies, and evolutionary stages.

While it has a hierarchical organizational structure, CL does not issue membership cards or keep an official register of adherents, opting instead for a free and flexible form of membership.

The following is an example of a simple hierarchical organizational chart is the image-chart on the right.

She argues that the key was Silicon Valley's decentralized organizational form, non-proprietary standards, and tradition of cooperative exchange ( sharing information and outsourcing for component parts ), in opposition to hierarchical and independent industrial systems in the East Coast.

The organization dimension reflects the structural elements of the company, such as hierarchical levels, the composition of organizational units, and the distribution of work between them.

And, not only is there difference and potential competition between parties across organizational and cultural and geographic dimensions — opinions on all those subjects may differ, and generally will differ, even within any given organization at different hierarchical levels.

eDirectory is a hierarchical, object oriented database used to represent certain assets in an organization in a logical tree, including organizations, organizational units, people, positions, servers, volumes, workstations, applications, printers, services, and groups to name just a few.