It is interesting to note how many of the plants on Massachusetts' Route 128 draw most of their income either from the government in non-competitive cost-plus arrangements, or from the exploitation of patents which grant at least a partial monopoly.

He became, after a time, commander of a post on the Alabama River, but his operations extended from Mobile throughout the district, and he finally obtained a monopoly of the Indian trade.

No help came from the crown, and Perier, in desperation, gave a monopoly of the Indian trade in the district to D'Artaguette.

* General assessment: an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era ; quality has improved ; the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 when alternative fixed-line operators were given access to its network ; a drop in fixed-line connections in recent years has been more than offset by a sharp increase in mobile-cellular telephone use fostered by multiple service providers ; the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now exceeds the population

Sky News objected to the breaking of its monopoly, complaining about the costs associated with running a channel that only a minority could view from the licence fee.

Spain had set up a trade monopoly in the Caribbean, and their primary objective was to protect this, which they did by barring the islands from trading with any foreign ships.

In 1976, jurisdiction over telecommunications services, most of which were then delivered by monopoly common carriers ( for example, telephone companies ), was transferred to it from the Canadian Transport Commission although the abbreviation CRTC remained the same.

Lenin regarded colonialism as the root cause of imperialism, as imperialism was distinguished by monopoly capitalism via colonialism and as Lyal S. Sunga explains: " Vladimir Lenin advocated forcefully the principle of self-determination of peoples in his " Theses on the Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination " as an integral plank in the programme of socialist internationalism " and he quotes Lenin who contended that " The right of nations to self-determination implies exclusively the right to independence in the political sense, the right to free political separation from the oppressor nation.

On 31 December 1600, the English monarchy granted the company a 15-year monopoly on trade to and from the East Indies and Africa.

With help from Plancius Peter, a Flemish minister who was engaged in producing maps, globes and nautical instruments, they sought for a northeastern or northwestern access to Asia to circumvent the VOC monopoly.

Per Unckel, governor of Stockholm and former Minister of Education, has promoted the system, saying " Education is so important that you can ’ t just leave it to one producer, because we know from monopoly systems that they do not fulfill all wishes.

At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly Soviet Communist Party which introduced a new view on the cinema, socialist realism, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union.

Advocates of free-market socialism, such as Jaroslav Vanek, argue that genuine free markets are not possible under conditions of private ownership over productive property because the class differences and inequalities in income and power that ensue from this arrangement enable interests of the dominant class to skew the market to their favor, either in the form of monopoly and market power, or by utilizing their wealth and resources to pass government regulations and policies that benefit their specific business interests.

Although the HBC maintained a monopoly on the fur trade during the early mid 19th century there was competition from James Sinclair and Andrew McDermot ( Dermott ), independent traders in the Red River Colony.

Much of the Duvaliers ' wealth, amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars over the years, came from the Régie du Tabac ( Tobacco Administration ), a tobacco monopoly established by Estimé, which expanded to include the proceeds from all government enterprises and served as a slush fund for which no balance sheets were ever kept.

They believed state monopoly capitalism ( defined as a state-sponsored monopoly ) prevented labor from being fully rewarded.

Some believe this may be due to deliberate price fixing by those who bought the stockpile echoing the warnings from the Japan Wildlife Conservation Society on price-fixing after sales to Japan in 1997, and monopoly given to traders who bought stockpiles from Burundi and Singapore in the 1980s.

Their monopoly over the spice trade became complete after they drove the Portuguese from Malacca in 1641 and Ceylon in 1658.

In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I incorporated the English East India Company ( later the British East India Company ), granting it a monopoly of trade from the Cape of Good Hope eastward to the Strait of Magellan.

ADSL in Lebanon is still suffering from state-owned OGERO's monopoly over the bandwidth and nation-wide corruption, resulting in the worst services at the highest prices ( with over 1000 % taxation ) and lack of competition between ISPs.

In 1568, despite a request from Saxony, no royal monopoly was granted because there was no yew to cut, and the next year Bavaria and Austria similarly failed to produce enough yew to justify a royal monopoly.

The word is derived, by analogy with " monopoly ", from the Greek ὀλίγοι ( oligoi ) " few " + πωλεῖν ( polein ) " to sell ".

Turkish women had finally won the freedom to appear on the stage, breaking the monopoly previously held by Rûm ( Istanbul Greek ) and Armenian women who performed both in musical and non-musical theatre.

French / Greek philosopher Kostas Axelos argued that seeing the " world system " as inherently open ( though unified ) would solve many of the problems in the social sciences, including that of praxis ( the relation of knowledge to practice ), so that various social scientific disciplines would work together rather than create a monopoly whereby the world appears only sociological, political, historical, or psychological.

" The monopoly of the Indian and Arab middlemen weakened with the development of monsoon trade by the Greek through the discovery of the direct rout to India ( Hippalus ), forcing the Parthian and Arabian middlemen to adjust their prices so as to compete on the Roman market with the goods now being bought in by a direct sea route to India.

He conceived it as " a religious monopoly " to which " the nation at large contributes ," while " Presbyterians alone receive ," and which placed him in " a relation to the state " so " seriously objectionable " as to be " impossible to hold.

Particularly when based upon a single dominant party, governments may respond to such a situation by claiming a monopoly of understanding about the national interest.

In economics, a monopoly is a single seller.

A monopoly is a market structure in which a single supplier produces and sells a given product.

If there is a single seller in a certain industry and there are not any close substitutes for the product, then the market structure is that of a " pure monopoly ".

The game is named after the economic concept of monopoly, the domination of a market by a single entity.

A monopoly describes a situation where all ( or most ) sales in a market are undertaken by a single firm.

A natural monopoly by contrast is a condition on the cost-technology of an industry whereby it is most efficient ( involving the lowest long-run average cost ) for production to be concentrated in a single firm.

* Most of the American telephone system was formerly operated by a single monopoly, AT & T, which was split up in 1984 into a long distance telephone company and several local " Baby Bells.

The combination that produced economic stability was a restriction of supply of new notes, a government monopoly on the issuance of notes directly and, indirectly, a central bank and a single unit of value.

In 1602 the Dutch government followed suit, sponsoring the creation of a single " United East Indies Company " that was also granted monopoly over the Asian trade.

The financial incentive to discover an alternative to Venice's monopoly control of this lucrative business was perhaps the single most important factor precipitating Europe's Age of Exploration.

A natural monopoly is a firm whose per-unit cost decreases as it increases output ; in this situation it is most efficient ( from a cost perspective ) to have only a single producer of a good.

* Natural monopoly, a situation where a single firm can produce a desired output at a lower cost than several firms

Peaking in the 1930s, there were attempts to bring all radio communications in America back under single monopoly control by using the patent laws.

Corporations expanded by merging, creating single firms out of competing firms known as " trusts " ( a form of monopoly ).

Although such results are always likely to be controversial, and working intensively with a single animal always incurs the risk of Clever Hans effects, Pepperberg's work has strengthened the argument that humans do not hold the monopoly on the complex or semicomplex use of abstract communication.

By the 1880s the handful of competing oyster companies began consolidating into a single monopoly.

They demanded that France grant a monopoly to one single company.

For example, claims of natural monopoly are often used as justification for government intervening to establish a statutory monopoly ( government monopoly or government-granted monopoly ) where competition is outlawed, under the claim that multiple firms providing a good or service entails more collective costs to an economy than that which would be the case if a single firm provided a good or service.

The diagram to the right depicts an industry that initially starts out with a single firm that enjoys a monopoly and the initial monopoly profit that comes with it.