The Cuban slavers counteracted with a fierce media campaign and political action committees in Madrid and the coastal comecial cities with great economic and family ties to the Antilles.

Some scholars argue that conspiracy theories once limited to fringe audiences have become commonplace in mass media, contributing to conspiracism emerging as a cultural phenomenon in the United States of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and the possible replacement of democracy by conspiracy as the dominant paradigm of political action in the public mind.

When a monarch does act, political controversy can often ensue, partially because the neutrality of the crown is seen to be compromised in favour of a partisan goal, while some political scientists champion the idea of an " interventionist monarch " as a check against possible illegal action by politicians.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

Attlee opposed the 1926 General Strike, believing that strike action should not be used as a political weapon.

The arming, clothing, feeding and supervision of the contras became the most ambitious paramilitary and political action operation mounted by the agency in nearly a decade.

However, modern historians allege that the baptism of Mieszko I was dictated by political benefits and should not be attributed to any action of Dobrawa, who according to them had virtually no role in the conversion of her husband.

" To prevent large private organizations from thus dominating the body politic, distributism applies this principle of subsidiarity to economic as well as to social and political action.

* Direct action, activity undertaken to achieve change outside of less direct social / political channels

Although Bellamy claimed he did not write Looking Backward as a blueprint for political action, but rather sought to write " a literary fantasy, a fairy tale of social felicity ," the book inspired legions of inspired readers to establish so-called Nationalist Clubs, beginning in Boston late in 1888.

Bellamy himself came to actively participate in the political movement which emerged around his book, particularly after 1891 when he founded his own magazine, The New Nation, and began to promote united action between the various Nationalist Clubs and the emerging People's Party.

These are political positions based partly on a belief that individuals should not coercively prevent others from exercising freedom of action.

Allen, whether motivated by patriotic impulses ( as he describes in his account of the events ), or by the realization that the action might improve the political position of his side in the grants disputes, agreed to help, and began rounding up the Green Mountain Boys.

An imperial political structure is established and maintained in two ways: ( i ) as a territorial empire of direct conquest and control with force ( direct, physical action to compel the emperor's goals ), and ( ii ) as a coercive, hegemonic empire of indirect conquest and control with power ( the perception that the emperor can physically enforce his desired goals ).

The senior high command officers in Pakistan Armed Forces, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, a former Karachi University professor of political science, began to pressure General Yahya Khan to take armed action against Mujib and his party.

Fascism views political violence and war as forms of direct action that can be utilized to promote national rejuvenation, spirit and vitality.

Sorel promoted the legitimacy of political violence in his work Reflections on Violence ( 1908 ) and other works in which he advocated radical syndicalist action to achieve a revolution to overthrow capitalism and the bourgeoisie through a general strike.

Futurism that was both an artistic-cultural movement and initially a political movement in Italy led by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti who founded the Futurist Manifesto ( 1908 ), that championed the causes of modernism, action, and political violence as necessary elements of politics while denouncing liberalism and parliamentary politics.

Although political freedom is often interpreted negatively as the freedom from unreasonable external constraints on action, it can also refer to the positive exercise of rights, capacities and possibilities for action, and the exercise of social or group rights.

The concept can also include freedom from " internal " constraints on political action or speech ( e. g. social conformity, consistency, or " inauthentic " behaviour.

According to her study, the concept of freedom was historically inseparable from political action.

and since then, freedom as a form of political action has been neglected, even though, as she says, freedom is " the raison d ' être of politics.

Its capabilities and political implications were investigated by a committee of the European Parliament during 2000 and 2001 with a report published in 2001, and by author James Bamford in his books on the National Security Agency of the United States.

Parliament has two meeting places, namely the Louise Weiss building in Strasbourg, France, which serves for twelve four-day plenary sessions per year and is the official seat, and the Espace Léopold () complex in Brussels, Belgium, the larger of the two, which serves for committee meetings, political groups and complementary plenary sessions.

As a congressman, LaGuardia represented an ethnically diverse slum district in East Harlem and, although barred from important committee posts because of his political independence, he was a tireless and vocal champion of Progressive causes.

A transitional constitution was drafted in May as an outgrowth of a national political conference in March-April and later revised by a constitutional committee.

One of three members of the committee, Thomas Jefferson proposed that one side of the seal feature Hengist and Horsa, " the Saxon chiefs from whom we claim the honor of being descended, and whose political principles and form of government we assumed.

The report of a review committee chaired by Sir Cecil Clothier criticised this system of government, finding it incapable of developing high-level strategy, efficient policy-coordination or effective political leadership.

Quayle writes a nationally syndicated newspaper column, serves on a number of corporate boards, chairs several business ventures, and was chairman of Campaign America, a national political action committee.

When he formed his exploratory committee, he signed Ed Rollins, Reagan's 1984 re-election political director, as an advisor.

Disagreements between the political parties in Nevis and between the Nevis Island Administration and the Federal Government have prevented the recommendations by the electoral committee from being implemented.

The basic ( osnovnoi ) list detailed positions in the political, administrative, economic, military, cultural, and educational bureaucracies that the committee and its department had responsibility for filling.

Politburo (, literally " Polit ( ical ) Bureau the Central Committee ") is the executive committee for a number of communist political parties.

In theory, it acted as the political bureau ( hence Politburo ) of the Central Committee, elected by them to direct the Party between the sessions of the committee and with a mandate that only covered the Party.

Originally used to refer to the presiding officer of a committee or governing body in Great Britain the usage was also applied to political leaders, including the leaders of some of the Thirteen Colonies ( originally Virginia in 1608 ); in full, the " President of the Council.

The term ' an authoritarian regime ' denotes a state in which the single power holder-an individual ' dictator ', a committee or a junta or an otherwise small group of political elite-monopolizes political power.

She responded that the committee was formed by members from many different political parties including conservative parties.

Until the late 1970s, the First Committee was the Political and Security Committee ( POLISEC ) and there was also a sufficient number of additional " political " matters that an additional, unnumbered main committee, called the Special Political Committee, also sat.

One type of private interest group that has grown in number and influence in recent years is the political action committee or PAC.

" The committee found that the KCIA decided to use the Unification Church as a political tool within the United States and that some Unification Church members worked as volunteers in Congressional offices.

The report of the committee also found that the KCIA planned to grant money to American universities in order to attempt to influence them for political purposes.

However, in his 1905 message to Congress following the election, he proposed that " contributions by corporations to any political committee or for any political purpose should be forbidden by law.

This led to much political fighting within the committee, and frequent releases of revisions of the CORBA standard that were impossible to use without proprietary extensions.

Tracy did not believe actors should publicize their political views, but in 1940 lent his name to the " Hollywood for Roosevelt " committee.

" He organized the founding committee of the Free Officers, which eventually comprised fourteen men from different social and political backgrounds, with some being members of Young Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood, and the Egyptian Communist Party, as well as the aristocracy.