A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated peoples with distinct political characteristics.

The division of Cyprus has remained an intractable political problem plaguing relations between Greece and Turkey, and drawing in NATO, of which both Greece and Turkey are members, and latterly the European Union, which has admitted Greece and Cyprus and which Turkey has been seeking to join for over twenty years.

Silvermintz notes that, " Historians of economic thought credit Plato, primarily on account of arguments advanced in his Republic, as an early proponent of the division of labor .” Notwithstanding this, Silvermintz argues that, " While Plato recognizes both the economic and political benefits of the division of labor, he ultimately critiques this form of economic arrangement insofar as it hinders the individual from ordering his own soul by cultivating acquisitive motives over prudence and reason.

Corradini's views were part of a wider set of perceptions within the right-wing Italian Nationalist Association ( ANI ), which claimed that Italy's economic backwardness was caused by corruption in its political class, liberalism, and division caused by " ignoble socialism ".

Following ratification of the Constitution and formation of the first government in 1789, two new political factions formed along similar lines as the old division.

According to Encyclopædia Britannica, " Although there was a clear Muslim majority in Kashmir before the 1947 partition and its economic, cultural, and geographic contiguity with the Muslim-majority area of the Punjab ( in Pakistan ) could be convincingly demonstrated, the political developments during and after the partition resulted in a division of the region.

" That a community has different components whose interests must be balanced in any good regime is an idea with classical precedents, but Machiavelli's particularly extreme presentation is seen as a critical step towards the later political ideas of both a division of powers or checks and balances, ideas which lay behind the US constitution ( and most modern constitutions ).

The western-eastern division was a simplification and a literary device of sixth-century historians where political realities were more complex.

"< ref name = Stoner > < nowiki > < http :// www. allacademic. com / meta / p245585_index. html ></ nowiki >.</ ref > Thus, in some American colleges where there is no separate School or College of Arts and Sciences per se, political science may be a separate department housed as part of a division or school of Humanities or Liberal Arts.

An administrative division, subnational entity, or country subdivision is a portion of a country or other political division, established for the purpose of government.

This administrative and political territorial division is known as the " State of Autonomies ".

Today, samba is viewed as perhaps the only uniting factor in a country fragmented by political division.

Montesquieu described division of political power among a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary.

Generally, a two-party system becomes a dichotomous division of the political spectrum with an ostensibly right-wing and left-wing party: Nationalist Party vs. Labour Party in Malta, Liberal vs. Labor in Australia, Republicans vs. Democrats in the United States and the Conservative Party vs. the Labour Party in the United Kingdom

This cultural and linguistic division was eventually reinforced by the later political east-west division of the Roman Empire.

The division into political regions does not correspond with the language-group division: " Vlaanderen " ( Flanders ), " la région wallonne " ( Walloon region, including the German community but generally called Wallonia ), and the bilingual ( French-Dutch ) Brussels region, also the federal capital of Belgium.

At the time of the state establishment in 1947, the founding fathers of Pakistan were presented in the West where the founding fathers held a Boundary Commission conference with Cyril Radcliffe where the arrangement, area division, and future political set up was negotiated.

The election results truly reflected the ugly political reality: the division of the Pakistani electorate along regional lines and political polarization of the country between the two wings, East and West Pakistan.

* January 9 – Jurchen forces sack the Song Chinese capital of Kaifeng ( the Jingkang Incident, 靖康事變 ), and begin more than a century of political division between northern and southern China.

Ratified in the Republican Party victory in 1952, the Positive State is now evidenced by political campaigns being waged not on whether but on how much social legislation there should be.

Recognizing that the Rule of Law is `` a dynamic concept which should be employed not only to safeguard the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society '', the Congress asserted that it also included the responsibility `` to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realized ''.

) The concept of nationalism is the political principle that epitomizes and glorifies the territorial state as the characteristic type of socal structure.

Complementing the political principle of nationalism is the legal principle of sovereignty.

In any event, whether society may have cancer, or merely a virus infection, the `` disease '', we shall find, is political, economical, social, and even medical.

Assuredly in our political campaigns there is freedom to think, to examine any and all issues, and to speak without restraint.

At the national and international level, then, what is the highest kind of morality for the private citizen represents an instance of political immorality.

But it is also the climax to one of the absorbing chapters in our current political history.

In the incessant struggle with recalcitrant political fact he learns to focus the essence of a problem in the significant detail, and to articulate the distinctions which clarify the detail as significant, with what is sometimes astounding rapidity.

To this end political authority is called upon to exercise its negative and coercive powers.

Steele's purpose is to present a general defense of his political writing and a resume of the themes which had occupied him in the Englishman ; ;

His point is simply that the Tories have showered him with personal satire, despite the fact that as a private subject he has a right to speak on political matters without affronting the prerogative of the Sovereign.

During moments of intense crisis the responsibility of political leaders is overwhelming.

Some historians have found his point of view not to their taste, others have complained that he makes the Tory tradition appear `` contemptible rather than intelligible '', while a sympathetic critic has remarked that the `` intricate interplay of social dynamics and political activity of which, at times, politicians are the ignorant marionettes is not a field for the exercise of his talents ''.

Britain in the nineteenth century is a textbook designed `` to give the sense of continuous growth, to show how economic led to social, and social to political change, how the political events reacted on the economic and social, and how new thoughts and new ideals accompanied or directed the whole complicated process ''.

In the field of political values, it is certainly true that students are not radical, not rebels against their parents or their peers.

That fact is very clearly illustrated in the case of the many present-day intellectuals who were Communists or near-Communists in their youth and are now so extremely conservative ( or reactionary, as many would say ) that they can define no important political conviction that does not seem so far from even a centrist position as to make the distinction between Mr. Nixon and Mr. Khrushchev for them hardly worth noting.

But in ways more fundamental than specific political opinions they are still what they always were: passionate, sure without a shadow of doubt of whatever it is that they are sure of, capable of seeing black and white only and, therefore, committed to the logical extreme of whatever it is they are temporarily committed to.

When I first came across Samuel Johnson's pronouncement, `` the remedy for the ills of life is palliative rather than radical '', it seemed to me to sum up the profoundest of political and social truths.

This magnificent but greatly underestimated book, which bodies forth the very form and pressure of its time as no other comparable creation, has suffered severely from having been written about an historical event -- the Spanish Civil War -- that is still capable of fanning the smoldering fires of old political feuds.

The whole purpose of Man's Hope is to portray the tragic dialectic between means and ends inherent in all organized political violence -- and even when such violence is a necessary and legitimate self-defense of liberty, justice and human dignity.

and Vincent Berger learns that political ambition is more apt to hide than to reveal the truth about men.