However, the surface temperature gradient can produce erroneous vapor-pressure measurements for the bulk liquid helium unless precautions are taken to isolate the tube ( which passes through the surface to the vapor pressure bulb ) from the liquid helium surface.

The pressure gradient producing the jet is due to the nature of the magnetic field in the arc ( rapid decrease of current density from cathode to the anode ).

It had been pointed out previously by J. J. Thomson in his series of lectures at Yale University in May 1903 that the dynamic equilibrium between the velocity generated by a concentration gradient given by Fick's law and the velocity due to the variation of the partial pressure caused when ions are set in motion " gives us a method of determining Avogadro's Constant which is independent of any hypothesis as to the shape or size of molecules, or of the way in which they act upon each other ".

In the reference frame spinning with the centrifuge, the centrifugal force induces a hydrostatic pressure gradient in fluid-filled tubes oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation, giving rise to large buoyant forces which push low-density particles inward.

After mixing with water vapor and expired CO < sub > 2 </ sub > in the lungs, oxygen diffuses down a pressure gradient to enter arterial blood where its partial pressure is around 100 mmHg ( 13. 3 kPa ).

Arterial blood flow delivers oxygen to the peripheral tissues, where it again diffuses down a pressure gradient into the cells and into their mitochondria.

The fuel's carbon is oxidized to CO < sub > 2 </ sub >, which diffuses down its partial pressure gradient out of the cells into venous blood to be exhaled finally by the lungs.

Whenever a fluid follows a curved path, there is a pressure gradient perpendicular to the flow direction.

This pressure gradient pushes relatively cool, low-salinity water from the Atlantic across the basin ; it warms and becomes saltier as it travels east, then sinks in the region of the Levant and circulates westward, to spill over the Strait of Gibraltar.

The resulting horizontal pressure gradient accelerates the air from high to low pressure, creating wind, and Earth's rotation then causes curvature of the flow via the Coriolis effect.

These equations arise from applying Newton's second law to fluid motion, together with the assumption that the fluid stress is the sum of a diffusing viscous term ( proportional to the gradient of velocity ) and a pressure term.

This occurs when compression due to gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient force.

For instance, the pressure gradient force prevents gravity from collapsing the Earth's atmosphere into a thin, dense shell, while gravity prevents the pressure gradient force from diffusing the atmosphere into space.

Since the pressure gradient normal to the flow within a boundary layer is approximately zero for low to moderate hypersonic Mach numbers, the increase of temperature through the boundary layer coincides with a decrease in density.

Movement occurs by bulk flow ; phloem sap moves from sugar sources to sugar sinks by means of turgor pressure gradient.

Movement is due to the pressure gradient force ( horizontal differences in atmospheric pressure ) and the Coriolis effect, caused by the earth spinning about its axis.

Warm fronts are at the trailing edge of the temperature increase, which is located on the equatorward edge of the gradient in isotherms, and lie within broader troughs of low pressure than cold fronts.

Since high pressure areas usually migrate east, changing the pressure gradient in southern California to the northeast, it is common for " sundowner " wind events to precede Santa Ana events by a day or two.

There is unceasing pressure, but its sources are immediate.

One is that they were established, or gained eminence, under pressure provided by these same immigrants, from whom the old families wished to segregate their children.

Under this kind of pressure, it is not surprising that Wright would make sweeping statements to the newspapers.

It is, however, a disarming disguise, or perhaps a shield, for not only has Mercer proved himself to be one of the few great lyricists over the years, but also one who can function remarkably under pressure.

F.S.C. Northrop, in his discussion of The `` Functions And Future Of Poetry '', suggests this: `` One of the things which makes our lives drab and empty and which leaves us, at the end of the day, fatigued and deflated spiritually is the pressure of the taxing, practical, utilitarian concern of common-sense objects.

This magnificent but greatly underestimated book, which bodies forth the very form and pressure of its time as no other comparable creation, has suffered severely from having been written about an historical event -- the Spanish Civil War -- that is still capable of fanning the smoldering fires of old political feuds.

Mr. Wagner might or might not be a `` new '' Mayor in this third term, now that he is free of the pressure of those party leaders whom he calls `` bosses ''.

Gen. Taylor, the President's special military adviser, is a level-headed officer who is not likely to succumb to propaganda or pressure.

This is a common symptom and the cause usually is pressure on the nerve leading to the affected hand.

A truth-revealing crisis erupted in Katanga for a couple of days this month, to be quickly smothered by the high pressure verbal fog that is kept on tap for such emergencies.

The pressure for our entry to the Common Market is mounting and we will proceed towards this amalgamated trade union by way of a purely `` economic thoroughfare '', or garden path, with the political ramifications kept neatly in the background.

Several germanium resistors have been thermally cycled from 300 to 4.2 Af and their resistances have been found to be reproducible within 1/3 millidegree when temperatures were derived from a vapor pressure thermometer whose tubing is jacketed through most of the liquid helium.

A tire must be inflated to its normal hot operating pressure and the car must be loaded to its operating weight when this measurement is made.

Feed pressure is also of major importance.

Again Reverend Corder saved the bridge when Union soldiers planned to destroy it, after filling its two lanes with hay and straw -- but for what reason is not recorded nor remembered, certainly not because of pressure from an opposing Confederate force.

It is also possible to utilize a pressure transducer, mounted at the end of a catheter which is inserted into the heart's left ventricle, to indicate the blood pressure in the heart itself.

This pressure measurement may be made at the same time that the ultrasonic dimensioning measurement is made.

Advances in equipment and fabrication techniques give the sign or display manufacturer an extremely wide choice of production techniques, ranging from injection molding for intricate, smaller-size, mass-production signs ( generally 5000 units is the minimum ) to vacuum and pressure forming for larger signs of limited runs.

This negative pressure is not explained by the velocity head Af since this is not sufficient to explain the readings by several magnitudes.

The cap was stuck and made a thin rusty squeaking as he applied pressure.

Over a temperature range from 25 to 200 Af and at pressures up to 250 atm, an overload of 300 psi, applied for a period of one day, results in an uncertainty in the pressure of, at most, one millimeter of mercury.

Abnormal pressure, applied over a period of time, produces a change in the bony deposit, so a tooth functions normally in the new position into which it has been guided.

But since this is a world in which people disagree about ends and goals and concerning justice and injustice, and since, in a situation where direct action and economic pressure are called for, the justice of the matter has either not been clearly defined by law or the law is not effectively present, there has to be a morality of means applied in every case in which people take it upon themselves to use economic pressures or other forms of force.

It is also sufficient to show the Christian and any other champion of justice that he needs to make sure not only that his cause is just but also that his conduct is just, i.e., that, if economic pressure has to be resorted to, this be applied directly against those persons directly in the way of some salutary change in business or institutional practices, while, if injury fall upon others, it fall upon them indirectly and secondarily ( however inevitably ) and not by deliberate intent and direct action against them.

There may be instances in which, if economic pressure is to be undertaken at all, this would have to be applied without discrimination against a whole people.

When the pressure applied on a parcel of air decreases, the air in the parcel is allowed to expand ; as the volume increases, the temperature falls and internal energy decreases.

With hand-operated brakes, force is applied to brake levers mounted on the handlebars and transmitted via Bowden cables or hydraulic lines to the friction pads, which apply pressure to the braking surface, causing friction which slows the bicycle down.

Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalizing the work of Evangelista Torricelli.

Similarly, a liquid at saturation temperature and pressure will boil into its vapor phase as additional thermal energy is applied.

By controlling the pressure and temperature applied to phenol and formaldehyde, he produced a hard moldable material and patented in 1907 known as Bakelite.

When heat and pressure are applied to the layers, a chemical reaction ( polymerization ) transforms the layers into a high-pressure thermosetting industrial laminated plastic.

In 1967 the 13th CGPM removed the term " new candle " and gave an amended version of the candela definition, specifying the atmospheric pressure applied to the freezing platinum:

When a manipulation is performed, the applied force separates the articular surfaces of a fully encapsulated synovial joint, which in turn creates a reduction in pressure within the joint cavity.

At the moment, it is not known how the material is produced or if it remains stable without applied pressure, however, there is conjecture that it is possible to produce a new stable state of matter by compressing ultracold deuterium in a Rydberg state.

This is because europium is divalent in the metallic state, and is converted into the trivalent state by the applied pressure.

Although the formation was orgnanized but East Pakistan did not took role in 1947 war and no pressure was applied in Eastern borders.

In the laboratory, pressure in the form of compressed air on the feed side ( or vacuum on the filtrate side ) may be applied to make the filtration process faster, though this may lead to clogging or the passage of fine particles.

Before the war broke out, Poland entered into a full military alliance with Britain and France ; the western powers lacked the will to confront Nazi Germany and their ( false ) assurances of imminent military action were only intended as pressure applied to deter Hitler.

Brooke, however, applied pressure to keep Alexander in Italy, considering him unfit for the assignment in France.

* Slip joint – Found most commonly on traditional pocket knives, the opened blade does not lock, but is held in place by a spring device that allows the blade to fold if a certain amount of pressure is applied.

The magnetic state ( or phase ) of a material depends on temperature ( and other variables such as pressure and applied magnetic field ) so that a material may exhibit more than one form of magnetism depending on its temperature, etc.

This radius depends on the nature of the atom as well as its environment, to be specific on the coordination number ( CN ), which in turn depends on the temperature and applied pressure.

A very simple version is a U-shaped tube half-full of liquid, one side of which is connected to the region of interest while the reference pressure ( which might be the atmospheric pressure or a vacuum ) is applied to the other.