Communications underpin the artillery system, they have to be reliable and in real-time to link the various elements.

In live performance, the system re-injects the musician's material in several different ways, allowing a semantics-level representation of the session and a smart recombination and transformation of this material in real-time.

RT-11 provided a practical real-time operating system in minimal memory, allowing the PDP-11 to continue Digital's critical role as a computer supplier for embedded systems.

* When insulin pump technology is combined with a continuous blood glucose monitoring system, the technology seems promising for real-time control of the blood sugar level.

An early visual programming system, Max, was modelled after analog synthesizer design and has been used to develop real-time music performance software since the 1980s.

They can also affect the jitter in the interrupt latency, which can drastically affect the real-time schedulability of the system.

Sometimes these systems use a real-time operating system ( RTOS ).

The problem in Linux is mitigated by the fact that the operating system kernel's process scheduler can be replaced by a real-time scheduler.

On embedded systems, the real-time execution of instructions is expected from the low-level embedded operating system.

* Mercury OS, a real-time operating system

Geomatics includes geodesy ( scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, its gravitational field, and other geodynamic phenomena, such as crustal motion, oceanic tides, and polar motion ) and GIS ( a computer based system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced to the earth ) and remote sensing ( the short or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real-time sensing devices that are not in physical or intimate contact with the object ).

Fairly modern and advanced RTOS and preemptive multitasking multi-user systems were available: a real-time system ( RTS-8 ) was available as were multiuser commercial systems ( COS-300 and COS-310 ) and a dedicated single-user word-processing system ( WPS-8 ).

In computer science, real-time computing ( RTC ), or reactive computing, is the study of hardware and software systems that are subject to a " real-time constraint "— e. g. operational deadlines from event to system response.

The anti-lock brakes on a car are a simple example of a real-time computing system — the real-time constraint in this system is the time in which the brakes must be released to prevent the wheel from locking.

A real-time deadline must be met, regardless of system load.

A system is said to be real-time if the total correctness of an operation depends not only upon its logical correctness, but also upon the time in which it is performed.

Thus, the goal of a hard real-time system is to ensure that all deadlines are met, but for soft real-time systems the goal becomes meeting a certain subset of deadlines in order to optimize some application specific criteria.

For example, a car engine control system is a hard real-time system because a delayed signal may cause engine failure or damage.

There are two types of MIDI controllers: performance controllers that generate notes and are used to perform music, and controllers which may not send notes, but transmit other types of real-time events.

In the event of a network element failure when recovery mechanisms are employed at the IP layer, restoration may take several seconds which may be unacceptable for real-time applications such as VoIP.

Real-time software may use one or more of the following: synchronous programming languages, real-time operating systems, and real-time networks, each of which provide essential frameworks on which to build a real-time software application.

But if the delay of the output ( relative to the input ) is bounded during a process that operates over an unlimited time, then that signal processing algorithm is real-time, even if the throughput delay may be very long.

For example, a massive supercomputer executing a scientific simulation may offer impressive performance, yet it is not executing a real-time computation.

Crawler, or spider type search engines ( a. k. a. real-time search engines ) may collect and assess items at the time of the search query, dynamically considering additional items based on the contents of a starting item ( known as a seed, or seed URL in the case of an Internet crawler ).

Time-sensitive applications often use UDP because dropping packets is preferable to waiting for delayed packets, which may not be an option in a real-time system.

While key deliverables of the paper process must be maintained, benefits of real-time data input validation, traceability, and automated decision point routing may not be anticipated at the early planning stages of the project.

Web banners differ in that the results for advertisement campaigns may be monitored real-time and may be targeted to the viewer's interests.

Some also have real-time performance constraints that must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability ; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs.

* Another alternative is to add a real-time operating system or embedded operating system, which may have DSP capabilities like DSPnano RTOS.

For low-volume or prototype embedded systems, general purpose computers may be adapted by limiting the programs or by replacing the operating system with a real-time operating system.

Products such as real-time clocks, digital potentiometers, digital temperature sensors, among others, may have small amounts of EEPROM to store calibration information or other data that needs to be available in the event of power loss.

If there is uncertainty about the diagnosis, a test of saliva or blood may be carried out ; a newer diagnostic confirmation, using real-time nested polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) technology, has also been developed.

Voice authentication, however, presumes that it is infeasible for a MITM to spoof one participant's voice to the other in real-time, which may be an undesirable assumption.

Very large programmable controllers may have all or part of the programming carried out in a dialect that resembles BASIC or C or other programming language with bindings appropriate for a real-time application environment.

This system may be more prone to congestion and DoS attacks than traditional circuit switched systems ; a circuit switched system of insufficient capacity will refuse new connections while carrying the remainder without impairment, while the quality of real-time data such as telephone conversations on packet-switched networks degrades dramatically.

The image may be projected onto a translucent screen for real-time viewing ( popular for observing solar eclipses ; see also camera obscura ), or can expose photographic film or a charge coupled device ( CCD ).

Real-time Cmix is a close relative of Csound in the Music-N family of languages that may allow for more flexibility in interactive real-time processing.

When the CCITT ( now ITU-T ) was standardizing ATM, parties from the United States wanted a 64-byte payload because this was felt to be a good compromise in larger payloads optimized for data transmission and shorter payloads optimized for real-time applications like voice ; parties from Europe wanted 32-byte payloads because the small size ( and therefore short transmission times ) simplify voice applications with respect to echo cancellation.

Even if the technology to map out every neuron in the brain in real-time were available, and it were known when each neuron was firing, it would still be impossible to know how a particular firing of neurons translates into the observed behavior.

Unpredictable stalls can be unacceptable in real-time environments, in transaction processing, or in interactive programs.

* In real-time systems, some waiting tasks are guaranteed to be given the CPU when an external event occurs.

In the Command & Conquer real-time strategy games, both the gameplay and storyline revolve heavily around the introduction to Earth of an extraterrestrial mutagen called Tiberium via meteor, which displays strikingly lifelike behaviours such as self-replication, evolution, and homeostasis, without undergoing anything like common carbon-based metabolic cycles, and which appears to be colonising the Earth, converting it into an environment unsuited to carbon-based biology.

The Lab is best known for their work on what would today be known as " interactivity ", and their machines were among the first where operators had direct control over programs running in real-time.

The term " embedded database " can be confusing because only a small subset of embedded database products is used in real-time embedded systems such as telecommunications switches and consumer electronics devices.

This is typically done at regular intervals ( e. g., weekly or monthly ), but there is no reason why EV cannot be accumulated in near real-time, when work elements are started / completed.

Treatment has been shown to affect on-line ( real-time ) processing of trained sentences and these results can be tracked using fMRI mappings.

However, given the right problem, the use of an appropriate 4GL can be spectacularly successful as was seen with MARK-IV and MAPPER ( see History Section, Santa Fe real-time tracking of their freight cars – the productivity gains were estimated to be 8 times over COBOL ).

However, consumer-and server-grade Windows ( those based on NT kernel ) were not to be real-time operating systems.

In the 2001 animated film Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, every strand of hair on a character's head was independent ; real-time needs would likely force them to be treated as a single unit.

Realistic expression can be added through the manipulation of real-time controllers.

MTS allows microtunings that can be loaded from a bank of up to 128 patches, and allows real-time adjustment of individual note pitches.

Issues include both reducing the latency, and making it be more predictable ( to support real-time control ).

On April 25, 2012, the Ecuadorian Space Agency announced that due a technological change in the video camera of its first satellite it will be adding a 3rd mission, which is to help organizations and individuals around the world monitor for small, most dangerous near-earth objects directly from orbit in real time and help fine tune the catalog of orbital debris by injecting the live video signal of the satellite into the Internet, thus turning the NEE-01 Pegasus in the first online, real-time video orbital sentry.

In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications, enabling easier dispatching of calls, criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds, and updating the officer's daily activity log and other required reports on a real-time basis.

Because planned actions can typically only be submitted at a fixed maximum frequency ( e. g., once every few days or every few weeks ), the number of discrete actions is limited compared to real-time games.

* Online games where real-time lag can be a factor

QoS contracts limit traffic that can be offered to the Internet and thereby enforce traffic shaping that can prevent it from becoming overloaded, and are hence an indispensable part of the Internet's ability to handle a mix of real-time and non-real-time traffic without meltdown.

Often real-time response times are understood to be in the order of milliseconds and sometimes microseconds.