Copper is the oxidising agent ( it accepts electrons ), and iron is the reducing agent ( it loses electrons ).

* as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.

The opposite effect can be achieved by treatment with a strong reducing agent that destroys the protective oxide layer on the metal.

Redox reactions can be understood in terms of transfer of electrons from one involved species ( reducing agent ) to another ( oxidizing agent ).

Which of the involved reactants would be reducing or oxidizing agent can be predicted from the electronegativity of their elements.

An important class of redox reactions are the electrochemical reactions, where the electrons from the power supply are used as a reducing agent.

In addition, the cycle provides precursors including certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous biochemical reactions.

Divalent europium is a mild reducing agent, oxidizing in air to form Eu ( III ) compounds.

The atom or molecule which loses electrons is known as the reducing agent, or reductant, and the substance which accepts the electrons is called the oxidizing agent, or oxidant.

The oxidizing agent is always being reduced in a reaction ; the reducing agent is always being oxidized.

Gold ions in solution are readily reduced and precipitated out as gold metal by adding any other metal as the reducing agent.

Gadolinium is a strong reducing agent, which reduces oxides of several metals into their elements.

The FDA study concluded: "... steps such as heat, alkaline treatment, and filtration could be effective in reducing the level of contaminating TSE agents ; however, scientific evidence is insufficient at this time to demonstrate that these treatments would effectively remove the BSE infectious agent if present in the source material.

It shows two main oxidation states, which are + 1 and + 3, with latter being more stable, whereas the only common oxidation state of gallium is + 3 and thallium shows + 1 more likely than + 3, with thallium ( III ) being a moderately strong oxidizing agent, while indium ( III ) is stable and indium ( I ) is a powerful reducing agent.

When a metal ore is an ionic compound of that metal and a non-metal, the ore must usually be smelted — heated with a reducing agent — to extract the pure metal.

Many common metals, such as iron, are smelted using carbon as a reducing agent.

Some metals, such as aluminium and sodium, have no commercially practical reducing agent, and are extracted using electrolysis instead.

Nicotinamide acts as a chemo-and radio-sensitizing agent by enhancing tumor blood flow, thereby reducing tumor hypoxia.

The NADPH is the main reducing agent in chloroplasts, providing a source of energetic electrons to other reactions.

Its production leaves chlorophyll with a deficit of electrons ( oxidized ), which must be obtained from some other reducing agent.

I also hope that we can do something about reducing the infant mortality rate of ideas -- an affliction of all bureaucracies.

These also shade the walls of the house, reducing cooling costs.

" Gow also relates how Housman intimidated his students, sometimes reducing them to tears.

Glucose is mainly metabolized by a very important ten-step pathway called glycolysis, the net result of which is to break down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate ; this also produces a net two molecules of ATP, the energy currency of cells, along with two reducing equivalents in the form of converting NAD < sup >+</ sup > to NADH.

* Detoxification — bone tissues can also store heavy metals and other foreign elements, removing them from the blood and reducing their effects on other tissues.

The language also included some changes made to suit Thompson's preferences ( mostly along the lines of reducing the number of non-whitespace characters in a typical program ).

To ensure that in the smoke and confusion of a night battle his ships would not accidentally open fire on one another, Nelson ordered that each ship prepare four horizontal lights at the head of their mizenmast and also to hoist an illuminated White Ensign, which was different enough from the French tricolour that it would not be mistaken in poor visibility, reducing the risk that British ships might fire on one another in the darkness.

The article also shows that companies often improve their corporate governance by removing poison pills or classified boards and by reducing excessive CEO pay after their directors receive low shareholder support.

These include eliminating the positions of appointed senators and senators for life, granting the President authority to remove the commanders-in-chief of the armed forces, and reducing the presidential term from six to four years while also disabling immediate re-election.

The regression would also have caused climate changes, partly by disrupting winds and ocean currents and partly by reducing the Earth's albedo and therefore increasing global temperatures.

This project has also been approved by the Executive Board of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) for reduction of emission of methane gas into the climate and has been registered with a capacity of reducing 108, 686 metric tonnes CO2 equivalent per annum.

Climate change may also affect the biological pump in the future by warming and stratifying the surface ocean, thus reducing the supply of limiting nutrients to surface waters.

The construction also had the effect of reducing flooding in Rome.

They are also used as fillers for orthopedic plastic screws to aid in reducing the inflammation and increase absorption of these plastic materials.

The custom-designed and custom-built AGA chipset also cost Commodore considerably more than the commodity chips used in IBM PCs, further reducing Commodore's profit margins.

They also agree on the importance of reducing salt intake because commercial foods such as snacks, biscuits, and bread, among others, already contain salt, thus contributing to an excess of salt daily intake.

For this group, + 4 and + 3 states are also known for the heavier members and dubnium may also form these reducing oxidation states.

Depth can also be portrayed by reducing the amount of contrast of more distant objects, and also by making the colors more pale.

Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state + 3, but the oxidation state + 2 is also common: all europium compounds with oxidation state + 2 are slightly reducing.

Microbial cell walls also contain a recalcitrant materials like chitin, and these also accumulate as the microbes die, further reducing the quality of older soil organic matter.

Compared to an equivalent class-AB device, a class-D amplifier's lower losses permit the use of a smaller heat sink for the MOSFETs while also reducing the amount of input power required, allowing for a lower-capacity power supply design.

The most common use of nitrox mixtures containing higher than normal levels of oxygen is in scuba, where the reduced percentage of nitrogen is advantageous in reducing nitrogen uptake in the body's tissues and so extending the possible dive time, and / or reducing the risk of decompression sickness ( also known as the bends ).