A 1998 systematic review of studies assessing its prevalence in 13 countries concluded that about 31 % of cancer patients use some form of complementary and alternative medicine .< ref name = Ernst_Cassileth > Alternative medicine varies from country to country.

A systematic 2003 review of controlled clinical trials related to the Alexander Technique found two reputable studies suggesting the Alexander Technique is effective in reducing the disability of patients suffering from Parkinson ’ s disease and improving pain behaviour and disability in patients with back pain, and concluded that the evidence supporting the effectiveness of the Alexander Technique is encouraging but not convincing.

A review of major longitudinal studies in North America found that a moderate number of patients with schizophrenia were seen to recover over time from their symptoms, raising the possibility that some patients may not require maintenance medication.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.

A proper summary of the experimental evidence on clairvoyance should include a summary of all experiments that were conducted, taking into account their probabilities of turning out false positive and false negative results, and making sure that studies are not included in the review selectively.

Chiropractic has developed a strong political base and sustained demand for services ; in recent decades, it has gained more legitimacy and greater acceptance among medical physicians and health plans in the U. S., and the principles of evidence-based medicine have been used to review research studies and generate practice guidelines.

After an initial six-month review process, William Ruckelshaus, the Agency's first Administrator rejected an immediate suspension of DDT's registration, citing studies from the EPA's internal staff stating that DDT was not an imminent danger to human health and wildlife.

A review of fourteen studies on the subject in sub-Saharan Africa, covering insecticide-treated nets, residual spraying, chemoprophylaxis for children, chemoprophylaxis or intermittent treatment for pregnant women, a hypothetical vaccine, and changing front – line drug treatment, found decision making limited by the gross lack of information on the costs and effects of many interventions, the very small number of cost-effectiveness analyses available, the lack of evidence on the costs and effects of packages of measures, and the problems in generalizing or comparing studies that relate to specific settings and use different methodologies and outcome measures.

The systematic review of published research studies is a major method used for evaluating particular treatments.

The second area is the systematic review of medical literature to evaluate the best studies on specific topics.

In a review of 48 studies on the children parented by cousins, most of the babies born to cousins were healthy contrary to the popular perception, with birth defects being 4 % of births for consanguineous couples as opposed to 2 % for the general population.

A 2008 review found that although there are hardly any controlled studies on alternative medicine and IC / BPS, " rather good results have been obtained " when acupuncture is combined with other treatments.

Historians and theologians regularly review the changing relationship between some Christian groups and the Jewish people ; the article on Christian-Jewish reconciliation studies one recent issue.

A review of studies in humans concluded that the contraceptive effects of the 10 mg dose are due to its effects on ovulation, but understanding of its mechanism of action remains incomplete.

This is similar to the findings of a review by the British Medical Journal of studies up to February 2002 that failed to find clear effects of long and shorter chain n − 3 fats on total mortality, combined cardiovascular events and cancer.

All gathered data, including the experimental or environmental conditions, are expected to be documented for scrutiny and made available for peer review, allowing further experiments or studies to be conducted to confirm or falsify results.

Other critiques of the current peer review process from concerned scholars has stemmed from recent controversial studies published by the Harvard – Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and NASA.

A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of pain in some conditions, though the number of patients enrolled in the studies was low, bringing up issues of power to detect group differences, and most lacked credible controls for placebo and / or expectation.

This new information is based upon FDA review of several long-term studies that reported an increased risk of fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine with PPI use.

For instance, a 2006 meta analysis on 14 studies concluded that there is " no discernable effect " while a 2007 systemic review of intercessory prayer reported inconclusive results, noting that 7 of 17 studies had " small, but significant, effect sizes " but the review noted that the most methodologically rigorous studies failed to produce significant findings.

As one law review article pointed out, the perception that the ADA primarily helps freeloaders was harshly satirized by The Onion in 1998 in the form of an article about the " Americans With No Abilities Act ".

In 1979, the Yale biologist Arthur Galston, who specialized in herbicide research, published a review of what was known at the time about the toxicity of TCDD.

In a glowing review for his " Consumer Guide " column published by The Village Voice, Robert Christgau wrote: " Before minstrelsy scholar Eric Lott gets too excited about having his title stolen.

The initial, and perhaps even sole task of philosophers, according to this view, is not to establish and demonstrate theories about reality, but rather to subject all theories — including those about philosophy itself — to critical review, and measure their validity by how well they withstand criticism.

The IMF's Financial Services Action Plan ( FSAP ) review self-assessment, for example, includes a number of questions about central bank independence in the transparency section.

" The MikroBitti review of the 1541-II said that its external power source " should end the jokes about toasters ".

After a conversation about the meaning of the word " Juggernaut " and a review of Juggernaut and Xavier's shared history Xavier offers Cain an empty box as a gift.

The idea recurred in Classicist Michael Grant's 1977 review of the evidence for Jesus, who compared modern scepticism about an historical Jesus to the ancient docetic idea that Jesus only seemed to come into the world " in the flesh ".

Scholars such as J. N. Mohanty, Claire Ortiz Hill, and Guillermo E. Rosado Haddock, among others, have argued that Husserl's so-called change from psychologism to Platonism came about independently of Frege's review.

* international review of curriculum and assessment framework a very useful website that provides comparative information about the education system of many countries.

In 2005, author Anne Rice became involved in a flamewar of sorts on the review boards of online retailer Amazon. com after several reviewers posted scathing comments about her latest novel.

After a 60 Minutes / Washington Post investigation in November 2007 ( two years later ), the bureau agreed to identify, review, and release all of the pertinent cases, and notify prosecutors about cases in which faulty testimony was given.

Time magazine writer Richard Corliss was less scathing, but agreed that it was forgettable, saying that people would " forget all about movie by the time they leave the multiplex ," even joking at the end of his review that he had forgotten the film's name.

The communication is to give others the opportunity to remind the change review board about other changes or critical business activities that might have been overlooked when scheduling the change.

In a 1995 review of Rushton's Race, Evolution and Behavior, anthropologist and population geneticist Henry Harpending expressed doubt as to whether all of Rushton's data fit the r / K model he proposed, but nonetheless praised the book for its proposing of a theoretical model that makes testable predictions about differences between human groups.

William Roberts's review, for the August 1816 British Review, was more positive than previous analysis but with no detail about the work: " passing over the two other poems which are bound together with ' Christabel ', called ' The Fragment of Kubla Khan ', and ' The Pains of Sleep '; in which, however, there are some playful thoughts and fanciful imagery, which we would gladly have extracted if our room would have allowed it.

There are several hypotheses about how tolerance develops, including opioid receptor phosphorylation ( which would change the receptor conformation ), functional decoupling of receptors from G-proteins ( leading to receptor desensitization ), μ-opioid receptor internalization and / or receptor down-regulation ( reducing the number of available receptors for morphine to act on ), and upregulation of the cAMP pathway ( a counterregulatory mechanism to opioid effects ) ( For a review of these processes, see Koch and Hollt.

These scholars point to statements about judicial review made in the Constitutional Convention and the state ratifying conventions, statements about judicial review in publications debating ratification, and court cases before Marbury that involved judicial review.

Another Cochrane review in 2009, of bipolar disorder, found the efficacy and risk / benefit ratio better for the traditional mood stabilizer lithium than for the antipsychotic Olanzapine as a first line maintenance treatment.

A review seeking to identify the more consistent findings suggested several genes related to serotonin ( SLC6A4 and TPH2 ), dopamine ( DRD4 and SLC6A3 ), glutamate ( DAOA and DTNBP1 ), and cell growth and / or maintenance pathways ( NRG1, DISC1 and BDNF ), although noting a high risk of false positives in the published literature.

A review of evidence in 2005 suggested that PrP may have a normal function in maintenance of long-term memory.

Lastly, RCM is kept live throughout the " in-service " life of machinery, where the effectiveness of the maintenance is kept under constant review and adjusted in light of the experience gained.

Another equally important aspect of content management involves the creation, maintenance, and application of review standards.

A review of the aircraft's flight logs and maintenance records showed that no mechanical discrepancies were noted for May 24, 1979.

A 2009 review of maintenance therapy concluded " In younger patients, post-ASCT maintenance therapy with thalidomide appears to increase tumor burden reduction further, which translates in prolonged PFS ( Progression-free survival ).

A different 2009 review stated " the role of maintenance therapy with thalidomide,

An engineering or property condition assessment ( PCA ) would include a review of building systems to evaluate deferred maintenance items that can materially affect the operation and value of a property.

:“ AMC analysts then continue to monitor the carrier's safety record, operations and maintenance status, contract performance, financial condition and management initiatives, summarizing significant trends in a comprehensive review every six months.

Amendments to the bill included an increase in the amount poorer students could claim in a maintenance grant, a promise to review the £ 3, 000 cap after three years and the promise to write off all student debt after 25 years.

Following a review by the British Chiefs of Staff in late 1939, operational control of troops in Iraq passed in early 1940 to Middle East Command although the provision of troops and their maintenance remained for the most part GHQ India's responsibility.

In 2010, while the zoo was under review for re-accreditation, it started a series of renovations and maintenance updates including new roofs, repaving, new public fencing, and a long list of other smaller projects.

An extensive investigation by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the subsequent review by hired consultants have found many minor problems, such as lack of routine maintenance and low morale among personnel, but declared the plant safe.

* Information and advisory services including maintenance of a geologic library, public education program, maintenance of a geologic data base, review functions, and expert consulting to federal, state and local government agencies.

Appointment Committee — a unified technical policy, increasing the efficiency of capital construction, maintenance and technical progress, improving quality and reducing the time of construction, development of construction industry, improving business planning and architecture, design and cost estimate of the case, the implementation of the state review and estimates.

However, in 2002 a review process conducted by the AAIU ( Air Accident Investigation Unit ) disclosed that Aer Lingus paperwork relating to a routine maintenance inspection carried out on the aircraft in December 1967 was found to be missing in 1968.

According to a 2009 Cochrane review, methadone maintenance treatments decreased the likelihood that heroin dependent patients would use heroin, but did not change crime or mortality rates.

AMC analysts then continue to monitor the carrier's safety record, operations and maintenance status, contract performance, financial condition and management initiatives, summarizing significant trends in a comprehensive review every six months.

* Optimal maintenance models for systems subject to failure – a review by YS Sherif, ML Smith published in Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1981.