A systematic review of studies of the autopsy calculated that in about 25 % of autopsies a major diagnostic error will be revealed.

The pulmonologist begins the diagnostic process with a general review focusing on:

A review of pathogenic mutations detected in X-linked Alport syndrome patients in 2011, recommended COL4A5 analysis in any patient meeting at least two clinical diagnostic criteria and that COL4A3 and COL4A4 analysis should be considered if a COL4A5 mutation is not detected and primarily if autosomal inheritance is suspected.

[...]" [...] It is perhaps most diagnostic that the book received no review notice at all in George Sarton's Isis, by then the leading international journal of the history of science.

Its main aim, is to assist the practising physicians to improve their diagnostic abilities in their day to day practise, by providing them the access to quality review articles, as well as original research papers.

A 2007 review of diagnostic criteria used in studies of trigger points concluded that

CDSS used during diagnoses help review and filter the physician ’ s preliminary diagnostic choices to improve their final results.

A 1998 systematic review of studies assessing its prevalence in 13 countries concluded that about 31 % of cancer patients use some form of complementary and alternative medicine .< ref name = Ernst_Cassileth > Alternative medicine varies from country to country.

A systematic 2003 review of controlled clinical trials related to the Alexander Technique found two reputable studies suggesting the Alexander Technique is effective in reducing the disability of patients suffering from Parkinson ’ s disease and improving pain behaviour and disability in patients with back pain, and concluded that the evidence supporting the effectiveness of the Alexander Technique is encouraging but not convincing.

A review of studies about maintenance therapy concluded that long-term antipsychotic treatment was superior to placebo in reducing relapse in individuals with schizophrenia, although some of the studies were small.

A review of major longitudinal studies in North America found that a moderate number of patients with schizophrenia were seen to recover over time from their symptoms, raising the possibility that some patients may not require maintenance medication.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.

A proper summary of the experimental evidence on clairvoyance should include a summary of all experiments that were conducted, taking into account their probabilities of turning out false positive and false negative results, and making sure that studies are not included in the review selectively.

Chiropractic has developed a strong political base and sustained demand for services ; in recent decades, it has gained more legitimacy and greater acceptance among medical physicians and health plans in the U. S., and the principles of evidence-based medicine have been used to review research studies and generate practice guidelines.

After an initial six-month review process, William Ruckelshaus, the Agency's first Administrator rejected an immediate suspension of DDT's registration, citing studies from the EPA's internal staff stating that DDT was not an imminent danger to human health and wildlife.

A review of fourteen studies on the subject in sub-Saharan Africa, covering insecticide-treated nets, residual spraying, chemoprophylaxis for children, chemoprophylaxis or intermittent treatment for pregnant women, a hypothetical vaccine, and changing front – line drug treatment, found decision making limited by the gross lack of information on the costs and effects of many interventions, the very small number of cost-effectiveness analyses available, the lack of evidence on the costs and effects of packages of measures, and the problems in generalizing or comparing studies that relate to specific settings and use different methodologies and outcome measures.

The systematic review of published research studies is a major method used for evaluating particular treatments.

The second area is the systematic review of medical literature to evaluate the best studies on specific topics.

In a review of 48 studies on the children parented by cousins, most of the babies born to cousins were healthy contrary to the popular perception, with birth defects being 4 % of births for consanguineous couples as opposed to 2 % for the general population.

A 2008 review found that although there are hardly any controlled studies on alternative medicine and IC / BPS, " rather good results have been obtained " when acupuncture is combined with other treatments.

Historians and theologians regularly review the changing relationship between some Christian groups and the Jewish people ; the article on Christian-Jewish reconciliation studies one recent issue.

A review of studies in humans concluded that the contraceptive effects of the 10 mg dose are due to its effects on ovulation, but understanding of its mechanism of action remains incomplete.

This is similar to the findings of a review by the British Medical Journal of studies up to February 2002 that failed to find clear effects of long and shorter chain n − 3 fats on total mortality, combined cardiovascular events and cancer.

All gathered data, including the experimental or environmental conditions, are expected to be documented for scrutiny and made available for peer review, allowing further experiments or studies to be conducted to confirm or falsify results.

Other critiques of the current peer review process from concerned scholars has stemmed from recent controversial studies published by the Harvard – Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and NASA.

A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of pain in some conditions, though the number of patients enrolled in the studies was low, bringing up issues of power to detect group differences, and most lacked credible controls for placebo and / or expectation.

This new information is based upon FDA review of several long-term studies that reported an increased risk of fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine with PPI use.

For instance, a 2006 meta analysis on 14 studies concluded that there is " no discernable effect " while a 2007 systemic review of intercessory prayer reported inconclusive results, noting that 7 of 17 studies had " small, but significant, effect sizes " but the review noted that the most methodologically rigorous studies failed to produce significant findings.

is written in the experimental protocol before the experiment is conducted, is examined in grant applications and administrative review boards.

A trial de novo is usually available for review of informal proceedings conducted by some minor judicial tribunals in proceedings that do not provide all the procedural attributes of a formal judicial trial.

First, each group conducted an extensive literature review of their diagnoses.

Pratt, and others at Duke authored a review of all card-guessing experiments conducted internationally since 1882 titled Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years.

The National Academy of Sciences conducted an 18-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis.

Greenpeace rejected the accusations and challenged PIW to disclose its funders, a request rejected by then-Executive Director of PIW, Mike Hardiman, because PIW does not have 501c3 tax exempt status like Greenpeace does in the U. S. The IRS conducted an extensive review and concluded in December 2005 that Greenpeace USA continued to qualify for its tax-exempt status.

The Dutch Government conducted a review of foreign policy main themes, organization, and funding in 1995.

Often, a literature review is conducted in a given subject area before a research question is identified.

In 1992, the USFWS conducted an exhaustive review of the literature, including their own, and concluded that the red wolf is either a separate species unto itself or a subspecies of the gray wolf.

The Inspector General of the CIA conducted an internal review of the CIA's performance prior to 9 / 11, and was harshly critical of senior CIA officials for not doing everything possible to confront terrorism, including failing to stop two of the 9 / 11 hijackers, Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, as they entered the United States and failing to share information on the two men with the FBI.

For example, in the Oliver Stone film Alexander, Vangelis conducted an orchestra that consisted of various classical instruments including sitars, percussion, finger cymbals, harps, and duduks .< ref > MFTM review of Alexander Retrieved 6 October 2008

Doubts at Purdue University's Nuclear Engineering faculty as to whether the positive results reported from sonofusion experiments conducted there were truthful prompted the university to initiate a review of the research, conducted by Purdue's Office of the Vice President for Research.

Health Canada conducted a review of the scientific literature on caffeine concluding that the general population of healthy adults is not at risk for potential adverse effects from caffeine if they limit their consumption to 400mg per day.

" The original review found that its conclusions held " regardless of when the studies were conducted, from whom the data came, the region where the data were collected, or the type of prejudice studied.

Gerry George and Adam Bock ( 2011 ) conducted a comprehensive literature review and surveyed managers to understand how they perceived the components of a business model.

" The consent order requires the firm to review foreclosure proceedings conducted by the firm.

Dukas's career as a critic began in 1892 with a review of Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen conducted by Gustav Mahler at Covent Garden in London.

The Thomas Jefferson Foundation ( TJF ), which runs Monticello, conducted an independent historic review in 2000, as did the National Genealogical Society in 2001 ; both reported scholars who concluded Jefferson was likely the father of all Hemings ' children.

Under the strategy that Al Gore pursued at the beginning of the Florida recount-filing suit to force hand recounts in four predominantly Democratic counties-Bush would have kept his lead, according to the ballot review conducted by the consortium.

The recent review of the PPHs conducted by the University concluded that St Benet's had a ' good sense of its place within the collegiate University ', and drew attention to the ' commitment and care ' of the Hall's academic staff.

The results of that census were submitted to the State of Tennessee which conducted a review and random sample before officially certifying the results, which it did in May, 2007.