Competing machines such as the Altair 8800 generally were programmed with front-mounted toggle switches and used indicator lights ( red LEDs, most commonly ) for output, and had to be extended with separate hardware to allow connection to a computer terminal or a teletypewriter machine.

Although the hardware is limited to four separate sound channels, software such as OctaMED uses software mixing to allow eight or more virtual channels, and it was possible for software to mix two hardware channels to achieve a single 14-bit resolution channel by playing with the volumes of the channels in such a way that one of the source channels contributes the most significant bits and the other the least.

Abstraction allows program designers to separate categories and concepts from instances of implementation, so that they do not depend on software or hardware.

Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may reside in the same system.

Due to the ubiquity of Ethernet, the ever-decreasing cost of the hardware needed to support it, and the reduced panel space needed by twisted pair Ethernet, most manufacturers now build Ethernet interfaces directly into PC motherboards, eliminating the need for installation of a separate network card.

Computing hardware evolved from machines that needed separate manual action to perform each arithmetic operation, to punched card machines, and then to stored-program computers.

A separate interrupt controller is usually required to encode the interrupts, though for systems that do not require more than three hardware interrupts it is possible to connect the interrupt signals directly to the encoded inputs at the cost of additional software complexity.

Very high-end laser printer systems ( known as digital presses ) also use an external RIP to separate the more readily upgradable computer from the specialized printing hardware.

Since HDLs are not considered to be programming languages by most hardware engineers, hardware refactoring is to be considered a separate field from traditional code refactoring.

For instance, the multiplication and addition units were implemented as separate hardware, so the results of one could be internally pipelined into the next, the instruction decode having already been handled in the machine's main pipeline.

It is sometimes referred to as a " virtual RAM drive " or " software RAM drive " to distinguish it from a " hardware RAM drive " that uses separate hardware containing RAM, which is a type of solid-state drive.

In addition the design had completely separate pipelines for different instructions, for example, addition / subtraction was implemented in different hardware than multiplication.

The first follow-on, the LINC-8, booted ( slowly ) to a PDP-8 program called PROGOFOP ( PROGram OF OPeration ) which interfaced to the separate LINC hardware.

For these reasons, software that relies on the BIOS and operating system to communicate with the hard drive is often unsuccessful in data recovery imaging ; separate hardware control of the source hard drive is required to achieve the full spectrum of data recovery imaging.

Functioning as a separate company within Siemens, SNI sold the BS2000 and SINIX operating systems, BS2000 mainframe computers, a number of databases, SNI RISC-based RM-x00 servers and a variety of other hardware and software products ( everything from Personal Computers to SAP R / 3 ).

The communications were handled by a separate unit on the CPU that drove four serial channels at 40 MB / s, and included networking support in hardware that allowed for up to 20 virtual channels ( similar to the system added to the INMOS T9000 ).

The integration of the transform and lighting hardware into the GPU itself set the GeForce 256 apart from older 3D accelerators that used separate chips for the task.

The Toaster hardware required very stable input signals, and therefore was often used along with a separate video sync time base corrector to stabilize the video sources.

: In milling applications on hardware with five or more axes, a separate finishing process called contouring can be performed.

Computer software and hardware can be considered as two separate components but tied intrinsically by coevolution.

V7M contained many fixes to the kernel including support for separate instruction and data spaces, significant work for hardware error recovery, and many device drivers.

Excess capacity is distributed through a separate network for home heating or if not enough energy can be dissipated through this, a dump load.

This allowed this CPU to load up the instruction and the data it needed in a single cycle, whereas an ( older ) non-RISC design, such as the MOS Technology 6502 for instance, required separate cycles to load the opcode and the data.

In these simple designs, most instructions are of uniform length and similar structure, arithmetic operations are restricted to CPU registers and only separate load and store instructions access memory.

is to use three separate links and load sharing of data between them.

The load control signals can either be sent on separate lines or on the power lines themselves.

To gain the buck / boost feature, all that is required is two separate switches so that the AC input can be connected to one of the two primary taps, while the load is connected to the other, thus using the main transformer's primary windings as an autotransformer.

It was a pure 32-bit load / store architecture, using separate instruction and data caches ( Harvard architecture ), and separate data and address buses.

Most, if not all, of these computers shipped with a built-in BASIC interpreter on ROM, which also served as a crude command line interface, allowing the user to load a separate disk operating system to perform file management commands and load and save to disk.

A load of washed clothing would be transferred from the wash tub to the extractor basket, and the water spun out in a separate operation.

An axial load passes in a straight line through the bearing, whereas a radial load takes an oblique path that tends to want to separate the races axially.

An axial load is transmitted directly through the bearing, while a radial load is poorly supported and tends to separate the races, so that a larger radial load is likely to damage the bearing.

* An application that relies on JNI loses the platform portability Java offers ( a partial workaround is to write a separate implementation of JNI code for each platform and have Java detect the operating system and load the correct one at runtime ).

With no separate propellant charges to load, the researchers envision the firing rate to approximately double.

The firm manages equity, fixed income, and balanced separate accounts ; no-load and load equity and fixed income closed and open ended mutual funds, including municipal bond funds, real estate funds, and hybrid funds, and alternative investments including hedge funds and private equity vehicles.

The load step becomes a separate instruction, and that instruction is statically scheduled much earlier in the code sequence.

Every variable load or constant requires its own separate Load instruction, instead of being bundled within the instruction which uses that value.

In order to run multiple jobs using separate programs at the same time, an operator had to carefully schedule the jobs so that no two simultaneous jobs would run programs that required the same load addresses.

The bridge sank when one pontoon filled and dragged the rest down because they were cabled together and there was no way to separate the sections under load.

Apollo and Helios / Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until the 3rd century CE.

This presents itself with postural instability, in which the person tends to separate his / her feet upon standing, in order to gain a wider base and to avoid titubation ( bodily oscillations tending to be forward-backward ones ).

A similar solution was the 850 kbit / s DaynaTalk, a separate box which plugged in between the computer and a normal LocalTalk / PhoneNet box, and also offered as a PC expansion card that ran up to 1. 7 Mbit / s.

Most of IBM's early binary " scientific " computers, beginning with the vacuum tube IBM 701 in 1952, used a single 36-bit accumulator, along with a separate multiplier / quotient register to handle operations with longer results.

Among the Internal Troops formations is the 3rd Red Banner separate special purpose Brigade ( V / Ch 3214, located in Minsk, in the district Uruchcha, " Uruchenskaya Brigade ").

All of these techniques are extremely noise-prone and / or subject to bias in the biological measurement, and a major research area in computational biology involves developing statistical tools to separate signal from noise in high-throughput gene expression studies.

The larger group inhabited the north-eastern slopes of the Carpathians and the area between the Prut and Dnieper rivers ( Moldova Republic / Western Ukraine ), while a separate smaller group ( the Peucini ) dwelt in and North of the Danube delta region.

The editors / authors of the Deuteronomistic history cite a number of sources, including ( for example ) a " Book of the Acts of Solomon " and, frequently, the " Annals of the Kings of Judah " and a separate book, " Chronicles of the Kings of Israel ".

The corn would not be planted in rows as it is today, but in a checkerboard / hex fashion across a field, in separate patches of one to four stalks each.

The D82 could have up to 32, 768 words of core memory and continued the use of separate instruction and i / o processors.

: Northern Cyprus, which the U. S. considers part of the Republic of Cyprus, is not given a separate entry because " territorial occupations / annexations not recognized by the United States Government are not shown on U. S. Government maps.

Some of the earliest examples of this technology implemented input / output processing such as direct memory access as a separate thread from the computation thread.

Developer documentation may also exist, either with the code as comments and / or as separate files, detailing how the programs works and can be modified.

Some of the synapomorphies of the order are: leaves in spiral, secondary veins palmated, calyx or perianth valvate, elevated stomatal calyx / perianth with separate styles.

Just like the Pentium MMX the 6x86L required a split powerplane voltage regulator with separate voltages for I / O and CPU core.

Much faster than the PDP-9 even in basic form, the PDP-15 also included a floating point unit and a separate input / output processor for further performance gains.

Phonetic transcription ( representing each distinct speech sound with a separate symbol ) is shown with the International Phonetic Alphabet enclosed in square brackets, and phonemic transcription ( representing a small set of speech sounds that a particular language distinguishes ) is enclosed within virgules or slashes / /.

The Nova 4 / S and 4 / X used separate memory boards.

A few contain only three cymbals, using a crash / ride instead of the separate ride and crash.

Furthermore, Article 8 sometimes comprises positive obligations: whereas classical human rights are formulated as prohibiting a State from interfering with rights, and thus not to do something ( e. g. not to separate a family under family life protection ), the effective enjoyment of such rights may also include an obligation for the State to become active, and to do something ( e. g. to enforce access for a divorced parent to his / her child ).

Both G < sub > α </ sub >- GTP and G < sub > βγ </ sub > can now activate separate and / or the same effector molecules, thus sending the signal further down the signal reaction chain.

Second, unless the specimen is drawn into a fluoride tube or processed immediately to separate the serum or plasma from the cells, the measurable glucose will be gradually lowered by in vitro metabolism of the glucose at a rate of approximately 7 mg / dL / hr, or even more in the presence of leukocytosis.