Rare cells emerge from crisis immortalized through telomere lengthening by either activated telomerase or ALT ( Colgina and Reddel, 1999 ; Reddel and Bryan, 2003 ).

Some have reported ALT methods of telomere maintenance and storage of DNA in cancer stem cells, however Geron claims to have killed cancer stem cells with their telomerase inhibitor GRN163L at Johns Hopkins.

AST is similar to alanine transaminase ( ALT ) in that both enzymes are associated with liver parenchymal cells.

The difference is that ALT is found predominantly in the liver, with clinically negligible quantities found in the kidneys, heart, and skeletal muscle, while AST is found in the liver, heart ( cardiac muscle ), skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, and red blood cells.

Experienced Windows users know that using the ALT key in combination with up to four digits on the keypad can produce characters that are otherwise unavailable on standard PC keyboards ( such as accented vowels, graphic box drawing characters, and so on ).

In Windows you can type ALT + 8258 to produce the character but it has very limited font support ( Arial Unicode MS / Lucida Sans Unicode / MS Mincho ).

The first description of an ALT cell line demonstrated that their telomeres are highly heterogeneous in length and predicted a mechanism involving recombination ( Murnane et al., 1994 ).

Subsequent studies have confirmed a role for recombination in telomere maintenance by ALT ( Dunham et al., 2000 ), however the exact mechanism of this pathway is yet to be determined.

The exact mechanism behind telomere maintenance in the ALT pathway has not been made clear, but likely involves multiple recombination events at the telomere.

< tape option > specifies either tape mode settings such as density, parity, etc., or " ALT " to indicate an alternate device.

Dron, J., C. Seidel, G. Litten 2004: Transactional distance in a blended learning environment: ALT Journal Volume 12, Number 2 / June 2004 Pages: 163-174

In 2006 Go-Kustom Rekords began reissuing the Kill Switch ... Klick back catalog including ALT., deGenerate and Almost Ambient Collection Volume One as well as the edgy collection Mechanoid Collection.

* ALT., 1997, CD ( reissued in 2006 )

This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C ( including patients with HIV co-infection, cirrhosis, ' normal ' levels of ALT ) and has recently been approved ( in the EU, U. S., China and many other countries ) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

Long-term use can also lead to abnormal liver function tests ; specifically, prolonged morphine use can increase ALT and AST blood serum levels.

The licensed Japanese teacher is normally in charge of junior high school and high school classes regardless of where the ALT originates ; however in the case of elementary school classes, the ALT is normally responsible for the entire class, with the Japanese teacher either providing limited input or in some cases not being present in the classroom, and for that reason the continuity of school management is sometimes maintained with the school principal in compliance with any legal requirements, as the product being contracted itself is an abstract, education, and the contract basis for private language teaching corporations is to provide education and educational services.

One of these bypasses resulted in the creation of an alternate route ( Alternate M-60, ALT M-60 ) through Concord ; that route has since been decommissioned.

** Richard H. Truly ( Navy ) ( pilot: Space Shuttle Enterprise ALT # 2, STS-2 ; commander: STS-8 ) ( Administrator: NASA )

** C. Gordon Fullerton ( Air Force ) ( pilot: Space Shuttle Enterprise ALT # 1, STS-3 ; commander: STS-51-F )

Much of the road is concurrent with other routes ( such as U. S. Route 29 ( US 29 ), US 78, US 129, US 441, SR 8 and SR 15 ) that pass through the Athens area ; only US 78 BUS, SR 10 and SR 15 ALT pass through downtown Athens.

Since that time, an alternate route, Alternate US Highway 24 ( ALT US 24 ) was designated between the state line and the Gibraltar area ; this highway later became part of I-75.

State Road 582 begins at ALT US 19 in Tarpon Springs, Florida ; July 28, 2003

Even with such a small student body, in 2009 the village began employing an ALT ( assistant language teacher ) of English from the JET Programme to live and work in village.

As of 2009, the board of education has been utilizing the resources of the JET Programme by hiring a solitary ALT ( Assistant Language Teacher ) to assist in the teaching of English and internationalization of its students.

Because of the anarchistic nature with which the groups sprang up, some jokingly referred to ALT standing for " Anarchists, Lunatics and Terrorists " ( a backronym ).

Following the conclusion of the ALT test flight program, on March 13, 1978, Enterprise was flown once again, but this time half way across the country to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center ( MSFC ) in Alabama for the Mated Vertical Ground Vibration Testing ( MGVT ).

Thus liver function tests to monitor liver enzymes are necessary when taking therapeutic doses of niacin, including alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ), aspartate transaminase ( AST ), and alanine transaminase ( ALT ).

Route 122 is the only major state road that passes through ( which used to be U. S. Route 22 ALT until it was changed in 1993 ).

Of the tumors that have not activated TERT, most have found a separate pathway to maintain telomere length termed ALT ( Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres ).

Laboratory tests frequently show raised hepatocellular liver enzymes ( AST, ALT ) with a high white cell count ( WBC ).

Also in 1995, Finn formed band ALT, with Irish musicians Andy White and Liam Ó Maonlaí ( from band Hothouse Flowers ).

Shimoichi-cho currently has two native English speakers who work as Assistant Language Teachers ( ALT ).

An elevated MCV is also associated with alcoholism ( as are an elevated GGT and a ratio of AST: ALT of 2: 1 ).

* Criteria developed at the University of Mississippi, as of 2006: " For a patient to merit a diagnosis of HELLP syndrome, class 1 requires severe thrombocytopenia ( platelets ≤ 50, 000 / μL ), evidence of hepatic dysfunction ( AST aminotransferase and / or ALT aminotransferase ≥ 70 IU / L ), and evidence suggestive of hemolysis ( total serum LDH ≥ 600 IU / L ); class 2 requires similar criteria except thrombocytopenia is moderate (> 50, 000 to ≤ 100, 000 / μL ); and class 3 includes patients with mild thrombocytopenia ( platelets > 100, 000 but ≤ 150, 000 / μL ), mild hepatic dysfunction ( AST and / or ALT ≥ 40 IU / L ), and hemolysis ( total serum LDH ≥ 600 IU / L ).

It runs for 734 miles ( 1, 181 km ) from Perry, Florida at US Routes 19 / 98 / ALT 27 to Lynchburg, Virginia at U. S. Route 29 ( Lynchburg Expressway ).

The Aston Martin DBS also features an optional Bang & Olufsen sound system with 13 active loudspeakers including two tweeters with ALT ( Acoustic Lens Technology ).

Typically, a host is infected via an active invasion by the parasites ( similar to entosis ), which divide to produce sporozoites that enter its cells.

Specific cortical cells produce particular hormones including aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens such as androstenedione.

They support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.

Evidence suggests that bone cells produce growth factors for extracellular storage in the bone matrix.

The electrons pass into the cells and are used in biochemical processes to produce energy for the bacteria while reducing oxygen to water.

4-Both cells synthesize a complementary strand to produce a double stranded circular plasmid and also reproduce pili ; both cells are now viable donors.

Under stressful environmental conditions, the cells produce oval endospores that can stay dormant for extended periods.

In very severe myelosuppression, which occurs in some regimens, almost all the bone marrow stem cells ( cells that produce white and red blood cells ) are destroyed, meaning allogenic or autologous bone marrow cell transplants are necessary.

Cilia of eukaryotic cells can also produce chemotaxis ; in this case it is mainly a Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > dependent induction of the microtubular system of the basal body and the beat of the 9 + 2 microtubules within cilia.

Acetate is used by the muscle cells to produce acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, and the acetyl-CoA is then used in the citric acid cycle.

It is generally believed by scientists working in the field that as results from various preparation techniques have been compared and that there is no reason that they should all produce similar artifacts, it is reasonable to believe that electron microscopy features correspond with those of living cells.

Some members of the Enterobacteriaceae family produce a systemic infection into the blood stream when all the dead bacterial cells release their endotoxins.

Flowering plants do not produce flagellate cells, but ferns, mosses, green algae, some gymnosperms and other closely related plants do.

Likewise, most fungi do not produce cells with flagellae, but the primitive fungal chytrids do.

The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.

Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as long as these inputs are supplied.

Individual fuel cells produce relatively small electrical potentials, about 0. 7 volts, so cells are " stacked ", or placed in series, to increase the voltage and meet an application ’ s requirements.

In addition to electricity, fuel cells produce water, heat and, depending on the fuel source, very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide and other emissions.

The sequence of nucleotides in a gene is translated by cells to produce a chain of amino acids, creating proteins — the order of amino acids in a protein corresponds to the order of nucleotides in the gene.

To release active hormones quickly into the circulation, hormone biosynthetic cells may produce and store biologically inactive hormones in the form of pre-or prohormones.

The base of the root is called the bulb, which contains the cells that produce the hair shaft.