The old nomenclature for this value was Optical Density ( OD ), current nomenclature is Absorbance Units ( AU ).

The reference beam intensity is taken as 100 % Transmission ( or 0 Absorbance ), and the measurement displayed is the ratio of the two beam intensities.

where ΔA ( Delta Absorbance ) is the difference between absorbance of left circularly polarized ( LCP ) and right circularly polarized ( RCP ) light ( this is what is usually measured ).

Absorbance is a quantitative measure expressed as a logarithmic ratio between the radiation falling upon a material and the radiation transmitted through a material.

Although absorbance is properly unitless, it is often reported in " Absorbance Units " or AU.

By in vitro measurement of the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity with an ORAC score of 9, 584 units per 100 g, cranberry ranks near the top of 277 commonly consumed foods in the United States.

* Absorbance of light by transparent samples.

Absorbance measurements are often carried out in analytical chemistry.

< tr >< td > Absorbance *</ td >< td > 0. 132 </ td >< td > 0. 257 </ td >< td > 0. 451 </ td >< td > 0. 582 </ td >< td > 0. 669 </ td ></ tr >

* Absorbance ( also called " optical density ") and optical depth ( also called " optical thickness ") are two related measures of the total light-blocking power of a certain medium with a certain thickness.

Absorbance spectra of free chlorophyll a (< span style =" color: green ;"> green </ span >) and b (< span style =" color: red ;"> red </ span >) in a solvent.

A spectrophotometer built with a high quality double monochromator can produce light of sufficient purity and intensity that the instrument can measure a narrow band of optical attenuation of about one million fold ( 6 AU, Absorbance Units ; see below ).

Astrometry has also been used to support claims of extrasolar planet detection by measuring the displacement the proposed planets cause in their parent star's apparent position on the sky, due to their mutual orbit around the center of mass of the system.

An early demo of the game has been found, with crude graphics, no sound and poor collision detection.

* United States: The US has never used mass immunization of BCG, relying instead on the detection and treatment of latent tuberculosis.

The author Julian Symons has commented on writers who see this as a detective story, arguing that " those who search for fragments of detection in the Bible and Herodotus are looking only for puzzles " and that these puzzles are not detective stories.

Even if this process is more complex than analog processing and has a discrete value range, the application of computational power to digital signal processing allows for many advantages over analog processing in many applications, such as error detection and correction in transmission as well as data compression.

This problem has applications in error detection and correction.

The STEM rasters a focused incident probe across a specimen that ( as with the TEM ) has been thinned to facilitate detection of electrons scattered through the specimen.

This has been the second most productive method of detection, though it suffers from a substantial rate of false positives and confirmation from another method is usually considered necessary.

* DNA detection: the compound ethidium bromide, in aqueous solution, has very little fluorescence, as it is quenched by water.

A new civilization has risen, with three dominant powers: the Ixians, whose no-ships are capable of piloting between the stars and are invisible to outside detection ; the Bene Tleilax, who have learned to manufacture spice in their axlotl tanks and have created a new breed of Face Dancers ; and the Bene Gesserit, a matriarchal order of subtle political manipulators who possess superhuman abilities.

Since its inception it has broadened to find applications in many other areas, including statistical inference, natural language processing, cryptography, neurobiology, the evolution and function of molecular codes, model selection in ecology, thermal physics, quantum computing, plagiarism detection and other forms of data analysis.

To speed up the detection process, the New Horizons team established Ice Hunters, a citizen science project that allowed members of the public to participate in the search for suitable KBO targets ; the project has subsequently been transferred to another site, Ice Investigators, produced by CosmoQuest.

The technique depends on simultaneous or coincident detection of the pair of photons moving in approximately opposite direction ( it would be exactly opposite in their center of mass frame, but the scanner has no way to know this, and so has a built-in slight direction-error tolerance ).

Recently a serological point-of-care test ( POCT ) for the early detection of RA has been developed.

The Everhart-Thornley detector, which is normally positioned to one side of the specimen, is inefficient for the detection of backscattered electrons because few such electrons are emitted in the solid angle subtended by the detector, and because the positively biased detection grid has little ability to attract the higher energy BSE electrons.

A major long-term motivation for the global seismographic monitoring has been for the detection and study of nuclear testing.

Because no isotope of technetium has a half-life longer than 4. 2 million years ( technetium-98 ), its detection in 1952 in red giants, which are billions of years old, helped bolster the theory that stars can produce heavier elements.

The TARDIS has the ability to turn invisible, allowing it to avoid the detection by President Nixon, Canton Everett Delaware III and Area 51 operatives (" The Impossible Astronaut ", " Day of the Moon " ( 2011 )).

Each SM has Local Digital Service Units ( LDSU ) to provide various services to lines and trunks in the SM, including tone generation and detection.

Usually detection occurs in advanced stages when the presence of the tumor has caused unexplained symptoms.

This phase sensitive detection has been applied for Doppler measurements of wind speed, and imaging through dense media.

However, this is the present limit of detection, as the nuclide with the next-shortest half-life ( niobium-92 with half-life 34. 7 million years ) has not yet been detected in nature.

However, observations do not seem to support this picture: long-time lowest-mass X-ray detection, VB 8 ( M7e V ), has shown steady emission at levels of X-ray luminosity ( L < sub > X </ sub >) ≈ 10 < sup > 26 </ sup > erg · s < sup >− 1 </ sup > ( 10 < sup > 19 </ sup > W ) and flares up to an order of magnitude higher.

Reliable multicast protocols such as Pragmatic General Multicast ( PGM ) have been developed to add loss detection and retransmission on top of IP multicast.

The first detection of tau neutrino interactions was announced in summer of 2000 by the DONUT collaboration at Fermilab, making it the latest particle of the Standard Model to have been directly observed ; its existence had already been inferred by both theoretical consistency and experimental data from the Large Electron – Positron Collider.

In the research setting, mutation detection rates of 50-75 % have been obtained for PKD1 and ~ 75 % for PKD2.

A wide variety of algorithms have been developed to facilitate detection of promoters in genomic sequence, and promoter prediction is a common element of many gene prediction methods.

These services have been developed in different ways around the globe but the fundamentals are constant: the early detection, correction, prevention or amelioration of disease, disability and abuse from which school aged children can suffer.

Unlike audible signatures, tornadic signatures have been isolated ; due to the long distance propagation of low-frequency sound, efforts are ongoing to develop tornado prediction and detection devices with additional value in understanding tornado morphology, dynamics, and creation.

Nevertheless, publications appearing in professional literature since then indicate that the detection of prohibited substances at the 2002 Olympics may have been false as a result of less-than-perfect detection methodology, and the Olympic champions could therefore wrongly suffer IOC sanctions.

Camera traps have been found to be a useful tool for the detection and documentation of elusive species, nest predators and in the quantitative analysis of frugivory, seed dispersal and behaviour.

X-ray astronomy detectors have been designed and configured primarily for energy and occasionally for wavelength detection using a variety of techniques usually limited to the technology of the time.

Some of the key uses for CT scanning have been flaw detection, failure analysis, metrology, assembly analysis, and reverse engineering applications.

Humans have been argued to have a special kin detection system that besides the incest taboo also regulates a tendency towards altruism towards kin.

Recently, another approach has been developed called PROTOMAP which combines SDS-PAGE with shotgun proteomics to enable detection of changes in gel-migration such as those caused by proteolysis or post translational modification.

The detection of these photons has been made possible ( and easier ) by the development of more sensitive photomultiplier tubes and associated electronic equipment.

In addition to ground-based lightning detection, several instruments aboard satellites have been constructed to observe lightning distribution.