According to his contemporary Jerome, Augustine " established anew the ancient Faith.

According to Christian theologian Alister McGrath, the Jewish Christians affirmed every aspect of then contemporary Second Temple Judaism with the addition of the belief that Jesus was the messiah, with Isaiah 49: 6, " an explicit parallel to 42: 6 " quoted by Paul in Acts 13: 47 and reinterpreted by Justin the Martyr.

According to some of their contemporary enemies Cathars did not accept the Trinitarian understanding of Jesus, but considered him the human form of an angel similar to Docetic Christology.

According to the historian N. D. A. Kemp, the origin of the contemporary debate on euthanasia started in 1870. which will lead to unacceptable consequences.

According to contemporary accounts, Frederick had difficulties developing emotional closeness to other persons, including his children and wife Eleanor.

According to the contemporary sources and later speculations, the first line was formed by light cavalry archers ( Battle of Oslava-1116, 1146, 1260, 1278 ).

According to contemporary biographers Theodore Beza and Nicolas Colladon, Gérard believed his son would earn more money as a lawyer than as a priest.

According to most contemporary theories of justice, justice is overwhelmingly important: John Rawls claims that " Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.

According to the contemporary chronicler John Strecche, who lived at the neighbouring Kenilworth Priory, the French openly mocked Henry in 1414 by sending him a gift of tennis balls at Kenilworth.

According to contemporary royalist legal theory, the Long Parliament was regarded as having been automatically dissolved from the moment of Charles I's execution on 30 January 1649.

According to contemporary research, males are dominant throughout Melanesia ( although some believe that female witches have special powers ).

According to Thietmar and other contemporary chronicles the gift given by Mieszko to the Emperor was a camel.

According to philosopher Helga Kuhse, Singer is " almost certainly the best-known and most widely read of all contemporary philosophers ".

According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was Greek by birth ; however this is uncertain, and is disputed by modern western historians arguing that the authors of Liber Pontificalis confused him with that of the contemporary author Xystus who was Greek student of Pythagoreanism.

According to contemporary John Bargrave, in 1636 members of the Spanish faction of the College of Cardinals were so horrified by the conduct of Pope Urban VIII that they conspired to have him arrested and imprisoned ( or killed ) so that they could replace him with a new pope ; namely Laudivio Zacchia.

According to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, Innocent was the son of a man called Innocens of Albano, but according to his contemporary Jerome, his father was Pope Anastasius I ( 399 – 401 ), whom he was called by the unanimous voice of the clergy and laity to succeed ( he had been born before his father's entry to the clergy ).

According to the reformed Roman Rite Roman Catholic calendar, this Sunday is now known by its number within Ordinary Time — fourth through ninth, depending upon the date of Easter — or the fourth through the ninth Sunday after Epiphany in the contemporary Anglican calendars, and that of various Protestant polities.

According to the later thirteenth century Old French Continuation of William of Tyre, Raynald captured Saladin's sister in a raid on a caravan, although this claim is not attested in contemporary sources, Muslim or Frankish, instead stating that Raynald had attacked a preceding caravan, and Saladin set guards to ensure the safety of his sister and her son, who came to no harm.

According to Watson, Holmes is an eccentric, with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order.

According to the contemporary Indian philosopher and tantric author, founder of Ananda Marga school of Tantra Yoga, Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, also known by his spiritual name, Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, tantra had its origin in India and South Asia.

According to the Oxford English Corpus, a database of 21st Century texts that contains everything from academic journal articles to unedited writing and blog entries, contemporary writers opt for the nonstandard ' chords ' instead of ' cords ' 49 % of the time.

According to the only contemporary source, Hypatia was murdered by a Christian mob after being accused of exacerbating a conflict between two prominent figures in Alexandria: the governor Orestes and the Bishop of Alexandria.

According to Frayling's biography of Leone, Something to Do with Death, he envisioned a contemporary adaptation of Cervantes ' 17th century novel Don Quixote with Clint Eastwood in the title role and Eli Wallach as Sancho Panza.

According to a contemporary account by theologian, Sheikh Yusuf Al Bahrani, in an unsuccessful attempt by the Persians and their Bedouin allies to take back Bahrain from the Kharijite Omanis, much of the country was burnt to the ground.

According to a contemporary chronicler, when Catherine de ' Medici was born, her parents, were " as pleased as if it had been a boy ".

According to the E. J. Erickson the Greek Navy also played a crucial, albeit indirect role, in the Thracian campaign by neutralizing no less than three Thracian Corps ( see First Balkan War, the Bulgarian theater of operations ), a significant portion of the Ottoman Army there, in the all-important opening round of the war.

According to Robert Davis between 1 million and 1. 25 million Europeans were captured by North African pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.

According to Pamuk it was a defining character of cultural works from Istanbul after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.

According to one story that first appeared in a 1475 posthumous biography and was subsequently embellished and popularized by Pierre-Simon Laplace, Callixtus III excommunicated the 1456 apparition of Halley's Comet, believing it to be an ill omen for the Christian defenders of Belgrade from the besieging armies of the Ottoman Empire.

According to Robert Davis between 1 million and 1. 25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.

According to the legend, he felt his defeat at Varna was a warning sign from God ( since he declared war on a false pretext, violating the truce with the Ottoman Turks ).

According to Robert Davis between 1 million and 1. 25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary corsairs and sold as slaves in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.

According to a brochure read by Tintin on his plane, Syldavia gained independence from Ottoman empire early, resembling Montenegro and Serbia.

According to the Ottoman defters from 1545, the population of Karlovci numbered 547 Christian ( Serb ) houses, thus it was the largest city with a Serb majority in the whole Ottoman Empire.

According to Taner Akçam, citing the Osmali Belgelerinde Ermeniler 1915 – 1920 ( Armenians in Ottoman Documents, 1915 – 1920 ), after the Turks took back the city from the Russians, they killed all Armenians in the city.

According to his theories, the mixed populations of Spain, most of France and Italy, most of Southern Germany, most of Switzerland and Austria, and parts of the Britain, derived from the historical development of Roman, Greek, and Ottoman Empires which had opened up Europe to non-Aryan peoples of Africa and the Mediterraneum cultures.

According to the most popular version of the legend, during the first Battle of Kosovo, Miloš made his way into the Ottoman camp pretending that he wanted to surrender, and at an opportune moment forced his way into the Sultan's tent and stabbed him to death.

As a historian his works included Origins Of the Ottoman Empire, The Seljuks of Anatolia: Their History and Culture According to Local Muslim Sources and Islam in Anatolia After the Turkish Invasion: Prolegomena.

According to the Ottoman historian known as Munajjim-bashi, a Karakhanid prince named Satuk Bughra Khan was the first of the khans to convert.

According to the Ottoman tradition, Mustafa must be sent to the closest province in relation to the capital of the empire, Istanbul.

According to Robert Davis between 1 million and 1. 25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.

According to the Seyahatname of Ottoman historian and traveller Evliya Çelebi, in circa 1630-1632, Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi flew as an early intercontinental aviator using artificial wings for gliding from this tower over the Bosphorus to the slopes of Üsküdar on the Anatolian side, nearly six kilometres away.

According to the famous poet Nazım Hikmet, Loti's apparent criticism of Turkish society was actually an expression of his pity for the sorry state of the backward Ottoman Empire.

According to another battle description, the defending Moldavian forces repelled several Ottoman attacks with steady fire from hand-guns.

According to British historian A. J. P. Taylor: " If the treaty of San Stefano had been maintained, both the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary might have survived to the present day.

According to Ottoman authorities, in 1596, al-Birwa had 121 residents and Van Guerin recorded approximately 900 inhabitants in the 1880s.

According to the residents of the village, ancient artifacts from the Canaanite, Israelite and Roman period were unearthed in the Ottoman and British Mandate period.

According to Ottoman imperial records, az-Zeeb had a population of 875 in 1596, decreasing to about 400 in the late 19th century.

According to some claims, some Hungarians who survived the Ottoman period were living in the floodplains of the rivers Timiș, Begej, Aranca and Mureș.