Ahmad Shah Durrani ( c. 1722 – 1773 ) ( Pashto /), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( Pashto / Persian: احمد شاه ابدالي ) and born as Ahmad < u > Kh </ u > ān, was the founder of the Durrani Empire ( Afghan Empire ) in 1747 and is regarded by many to be the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan .</ poem >

* 1978 – Mir Akbar Khyber was assassinated, provoking a communist coup d ' état in Afghanistan.

Ahmad Shah Massoud ( Aḥmad Šāh Mas ' ūd ; September 2, 1953 – September 9, 2001 ) was a political and military leader in Afghanistan.

After the Soviet withdrawal, between 1992 and 1996, he was minister of defense in the new government of the Islamic State of Afghanistan under president Burhanuddin Rabbani, and acted as its military leader in the civil war against competing militias around Kabul.

He was assassinated, probably at the instigation of al-Qaeda, in a suicide bombing on September 9, 2001, just two days before the September 11 attacks that finally caused the US and NATO to intervene in Afghanistan, allying themselves with Massoud's forces.

Ahmad Shah Massoud was born on September 2, 1953 in Bazarak, Panjshir, Afghanistan.

In 1973, Mohammed Daoud Khan was brought to power in a coup d ' état against the Afghan King and the Republic of Afghanistan was established.

In the 19th century there was a province in Afghanistan named Turkestan Province until abolished by Abdur Rahman, and was centred on Mazari Sharif and included territory in the modern provinces of Balkh, Jowzjan, Faryab and Sar-e Pol.

Abdur Rahman Khan () ( between 1830 to 1844 – October 1, 1901 ) was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901.

The Amir Sher Ali marched up against them from Kandahar ; but in the battle that ensued at Sheikhabad on May 10, he was deserted by a large body of his troops, and after his signal defeat Abdur Rahman released his father, Afzul Khan, from prison in Ghazni, and installed him upon the throne as Amir of Afghanistan.

In March 1880, a report reached India that Abdur Rahman was in northern Afghanistan ; and the governor-general, Lord Lytton, opened communications with him to the effect that the British government were prepared to withdraw their troops, and to recognize Abdur Rahman as Amir of Afghanistan, with the exception of Kandahar and some districts adjacent to it.

The British evacuation of Afghanistan was settled on the terms proposed, and in 1881, the British troops also handed over Kandahar to the new Amir.

From that time Abdur Rahman was fairly seated on the throne at Kabul, and in the course of the next few years he consolidated his dominion over all Afghanistan, suppressing insurrections by a sharp and relentless use of his despotic authority.

In 1885, at the moment when the Amir was in conference with the British viceroy, Lord Dufferin, in India, the news came of a skirmish between Russian and Afghan troops at Panjdeh, over a disputed point in the demarcation of the northwestern frontier of Afghanistan.

To one who had been a man of war from his youth, who had won and lost many fights, the rout of a detachment and the forcible seizure of some debatable frontier lands was an untoward incident ; but it was not a sufficient reason for calling upon the British, although they had guaranteed his territory's integrity, to vindicate his rights by hostilities which would certainly bring upon him a Russian invasion from the north, and would compel his British allies to throw an army into Afghanistan from the southeast.

In 1893, Mortimer Durand was deputed to Kabul by the government of British India for this purpose of settling an exchange of territory required by the demarcation of the boundary between northeastern Afghanistan and the Russian possessions, and in order to discuss with Amir Abdur Rahman Khan other pending questions.

In the agreement, the relations between the British Indian and Afghan governments, as previously arranged, were confirmed ; and an understanding was reached upon the important and difficult subject of the border line of Afghanistan on the east, towards India.

In the year 1893, during rule of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, a Royal Commission for setting up of Boundary between Afghanistan and British Governed India was set up to negotiate terms with the British, for the agreeing to the Durand line, and the two parties camped at Parachinar, now part of FATA Pakistan, which is near Khost, Afghanistan.

Afghanistan was represented by Sahibzada Abdul Latif and the Governor Sardar Shireendil Khan representing Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.

Sakharov was arrested on January 22, 1980, following his public protests against the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, and was sent to internal exile in the city of Gorky, now Nizhny Novgorod, a city that was off-limits to foreigners.

The great majority of Afghans traditionally raise sheep instead of goats because goat meat is not popular in Afghanistan.

India has traditionally enjoyed friendly relations with Afghanistan.

It is located in central Afghanistan, about 310 kilometres from Kabul, and falls into the traditionally ethnic Hazara region known as the Hazarajat.

Aircraft traditionally used for maritime patrol such as the Nimrod and P-3 Orion were also used in the overland surveillance role over Afghanistan as well as during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Although it is illegal to hunt markhor in Afghanistan, they have been traditionally hunted in Nuristan and Laghman, and this may have intensified during the War in Afghanistan.

Houses in rural Afghanistan are traditionally made out of mud, and have a series of rooms located around a private rectangular courtyard where women and children play, cook and socialize.

Broad-leafed Cannabis indica plants in India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan are traditionally cultivated for the production of hashish.

From the 16th century to the early 18th century, Afghanistan was divided in to three major areas.

Pashtunistan was politically divided for administration in 1893 by the Durand Line, a disputed and poorly-marked border between Afghanistan and British India.

According to Sa ' adya Gaon, the Jewish community of Balkh ( Afghanistan ) was divided into two groups: " Jews " and " people that are called Jews "; Hiwi al-Balkhi was a member of the latter.

The Greeks in India were eventually divided from the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom centered in Bactria ( now the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan ).

Though some sub-groups such as the Kom paid tribute to Chitral, most of Kafiristan was left on the Afghan side of the frontier in 1893, when large areas of tribal lands between Afghanistan and British India were divided into zones of control by the Durand Line.

In 2010, " of about 13, 000 Special Operations forces deployed overseas, about 9, 000 evenly divided between Iraq and Afghanistan.

The Greeks in India were eventually divided from the Graeco-Bactrians centered in Bactria ( now the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan ).

The population is divided among four different countries: Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Xinjiang in north-western China.

With the U. S. left divided on the merits of military action against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, the International Action Center ( IAC ), a group founded in 1992 by former U. S. attorney general Ramsey Clark and perceived both on the left and right as closely tied to the Workers World Party.

Khudiadadzai of the Kakar Sunzerkel ( Sanzarkhel ) tribe from Balochistan, a region divided between Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan.

This category is for articles about the region of Balochistan, which is divided between Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan.

The NSP community expansion across Afghanistan has been divided into several phases.

Losing badly both times, the British signed the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention which divided Afghanistan between the two powers and outlined the framework for all future diplomatic relations.

After the US occupation of Afghanistan, the movement was divided into two.

It was said that this will provide opportunity to imperialist powers to use religious extremist to curb progressive movements. Within Afghanistan various Marxist parties and groups were also divided over the issue.