Afonso de Albuquerque ( or archaically spelt as Aphonso d ' Albuquerque and also spelt as Alfonso, and Alphonso ; ; 1453December 16, 1515 ), 1st Duke of Goa, was a Portuguese fidalgo, or nobleman, an admiral whose military and administrative activities as second governor of Portuguese India conquered and established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian Ocean.

In 1138, Ali ibn Yusuf was defeated by Alfonso VII of León, and in the Battle of Ourique ( 1139 ), by Afonso I of Portugal, who thereby won his crown.

Afonso I ( 25 June 1109, Guimarães or Viseu – 6 December 1185, Coimbra ), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (), nicknamed " the Conqueror " (), " the Founder " () or " the Great " () by the Portuguese, and El-Bortukali (" the Portuguese ") and Ibn-Arrik (" son of Henry ", " Henriques ") by the Moors whom he fought, was the first King of Portugal.

Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy and Theresa of León, the natural daughter of King Alfonso VI of León.

Thus the possibility of re-incorporating Portugal ( up to then Southern Galicia ) into a Kingdom of Portugal and Galicia as before was eliminated and Afonso became sole ruler ( Duke of Portugal ) after demands for independence from the county's church and nobles.

In 1169 the now old Dom Afonso was disabled in an engagement near Badajoz by a fall from his horse, and made prisoner by the soldiers of the king of León, his son-in-law.

Portugal was obliged to surrender as his ransom almost all the conquests Afonso had made in Galicia ( north of the Minho ) in the previous years.

Afonso II (; English Alphonzo ), or Affonso ( Archaic Portuguese ), Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus ( Latin version ), nicknamed " the Fat " ( Portuguese o Gordo ), King of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city.

He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca of Castile ; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who was removed from the throne on 4 January 1248.

As the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal, Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother Sancho.

Since Sancho was not a popular king, the order was not hard to enforce ; he was exiled to Castile and Afonso III became king in 1248 after his brother's death.

Afonso IV (; 8 February 1291 – 28 May 1357 ), called the Brave (), was King of Portugal and the Algarve from 1325 until his death.

Afonso, born in Lisbon, was the rightful heir to the Portuguese throne.

However, he was not, according to several sources, Dinis ' favourite son ; his half-brother, the illegitimate Afonso Sanches, enjoyed full royal favour.

The first-born of this union, Infanta Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter I of Portugal, was promised to another Castilian infanta, Constance of Peñafiel.

Afonso IV was not happy to see his daughter abused, and started a war against Castile.

Afonso IV was displeased with his son's choice of lovers, and hoped that the relationship would be a futile one.

Henry de Montherlant's French drama La Reine morte was inspired by the conflict between King Afonso and Pedro and Inês.

After the death of Afonso he was obliged to relinquish his office, having been accused by King John II of connivance with the Duke of Braganza, who had been executed on the charge of conspiracy.

As ransom King Afonso I was obliged to surrender almost all the conquests he had made in Galicia in the previous years, as well as Badajoz, that the Leonese gave back to the Almohads as a vassal territory.

As ransom King Afonso I was obliged to surrender almost all the conquests he had made in Galicia in the previous years as well as Badajoz, that the Leonese gave back to the Almohads as a vassal territory.

But on 9 June 1448, when the king came of age, Peter had to surrender his power to Afonso V. The years of conspiracy by the Duke of Braganza finally came to a head.

Afonso succeeded in conquering part of Galicia, but in attempting to capture the frontier fortress of Badajoz he was wounded and forced to surrender to Ferdinand II of León ( 1169 ).

Afonso II repudiated the will of his father, refused to surrender the estates left to his brothers, who went into exile, and only gave up the property bequeathed to his sisters after a prolonged civil war in which Alfonso IX of León took part against them.

King Afonso III of Portugal had to surrender, but he gained an agreement by which, after he consented to marry Alfonso X's daughter Beatrice of Castile, the land would be returned to their heirs.

** October 21, The Moorish rulers of Lisbon agree to surrender to King Afonso I of Portugal, basically due to the hunger that was felt inside the city walls.

Afonso died almost immediately after, in Lisbon in May.

Afonso was occupied in almost incessant border fighting against his Christian or Moorish neighbours.

Walter Map tells a story that " the King of Portugal now living ", almost certainly Afonso, had been convinced by evil counselors to murder his pregnant wife out of misplaced jealousy.

On 15 September of the same year, Afonso V nullified all the laws and edicts approved under the regency.

* 1254 – King Afonso III of Portugal holds the first session of the Cortes ( Portugal's general assembly composed of nobles, members of the middle class, and representatives from all municipalities ) in Leiria.

* August 15 – Capture of Malacca: Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Malacca, the capital of the Sultanate of Malacca, giving Portugal control over the Strait of Malacca, through which all sea-going trade between China and India is concentrated.

* King Afonso III of Portugal holds the first session of the Cortes ( Portugal's general assembly composed of nobles, members of the middle class, and representatives from all municipalities ) in Leiria.

Afonso was therefore released under promise to abandon all his conquests in Galicia.

Pedro maintained friendly relations with England, where in 1352 Edward III issued a proclamation in favor of Portuguese traders, and in 1353 the Portuguese envoy Afonso Martins Alho signed a covenant with the merchants of London, guaranteeing mutual good faith in all commercial dealings.

In his proclamation, Afonso III specified that the municipality of Bragança pertained to the Church of Braganza, and not the crown, and that its represents should motivate the settlement of all unpopulated lands.

José Afonso joined the movement and supported it by all the means he could ; he also took part in the second wave of student rebellion against the regime in Coimbra, an important university town.

In 1973 José Afonso continued his " pilgrimage ", singing all over Portugal.

Alongside these Christians there lived many free Moors and Jews, under Royal protection guaranteed them by D. Afonso Henriques in a Charter 1170 ( and which was attributed to all the former-Moorish strongholds around Lisbon, Almada, Palmela and Alcácer alone ).

The Portuguese independence was obtained by his son, Afonso I of Portugal when, after defeating the Muslims at the Battle of Ourique, proclaimed himself King of Portugal in 1139, cutting definitively all feudal bonds with the Kingdom of León.

On November 10, 1959, Bishop D. Manuel Afonso de Carvalho establishes Fazenda As a parochial church congregation with all the rights under Canonical Law.

As this conquest did not take all of the Algarve, D. Sancho never used the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, but instead it was adopted by his grandson Afonso III of Portugal as a part of the titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown.

Its not at all unfeasible that Afonso lead a raid into the Gharb, and then, while retreating, was intercepted by sizable Almoravid troops intending to crush his army.

In all, the NRP Afonso lost 5 dead and 13 wounded in the battle.

Several bishops ( Luigi Negri, prelate of San Marino-Montefeltro, Gianni Danzi, prelate of Loreto, Giancarlo Vecèrrica, prelate of Fabriano-Matelica, in Italy ; Filippo Santoro, prelate of Petrópolis, Giuliano Frigeni, prelate of Parintins, Giancarlo Petrini, auxiliary prelate of Salvador de Bahia, and Guido Zendron, prelate of Paulo Afonso, in Brazil ; Javier Martinez, archbishop of Granada, Spain ; Paolo Pezzi, archbishop-designate of the Diocese of the Mother of God, Moscow, Russia ) and one cardinal, ( Angelo Scola, Cardinal of Milan ) are former members ; all of them have officially withdrawn from activity in CL immediately upon elevation to the episcopacy.

However, the events in question are poorly recorded in documents from the time, a reasonable alternative would be that some or all of these second set of islands were discovered by Diogo Dias, Diogo Afonso and Alvise Cadamosto.

* 1169-King Afonso I of Portugal grants the Knights Templar one third of all they take from the Moors in Alentejo.

** King Afonso I of Portugal grants the Knights Templar one third of all they conquer to the Moors in Alentejo.

* 1272 – Afonso III conquers Faro from the Moors, thus removing all Muslim communities from Portuguese soil and ending the Portuguese Reconquista.

Influenced by Afonso, Count of Barcelos, and more recently the Duke of Braganza, Afonso V nullified all Peter's edicts, starting, against himself, by the ones that concentrated power in the figure of the King.