* Prince Alexander John of Wales ( 1871 ), short-lived son of Edward VII

# REDIRECT Pope Alexander VII

* 1599 – Pope Alexander VII ( d. 1667 )

Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.

" Although he did not fare so well during the reign of Innocent X, under Alexander VII, he once again regained pre-eminent artistic domination and continued to be held in high regard by Clement IX.

* 1658 – Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.

** Alexander Hamilton, Count of Neuburg, the Holy Roman Empire's Envoy Extraordinary to the court of James VII and II, had issue:

In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The 16th and 17th centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint Filippo Neri, with other distinguished libraries such as that of Cesare Baronio, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian Angelo Rocca, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome ; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which Pope Alexander VII endowed the University of Rome ; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal Girolamo Casanate ; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile Clement XII Corsini and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara. The Republic of Venice patronized the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana, based on the library of Cardinal Basilios Bessarion. In Milan Cardinal Federico Borromeo founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

Boso drew on Bonizo of Sutri for popes from John XII to Gregory VII, and wrote from his own experiences about the popes from Gelasius II ( 1118 – 1119 ) to Alexander III ( 1179 – 1181 ).

* 1667 – Pope Alexander VII ( b. 1599 )

This political and temporal authority was demonstrated through the papal role in the Holy Roman Empire ( especially prominent during periods of contention with the Emperors, such as during the Pontificates of Pope Gregory VII and Pope Alexander III ).

Pope Alexander VII ( 13 February 1599 – 22 May 1667 ), born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655, until his death.

When Innocent X died, Chigi, the candidate favoured by Spain, was elected pope after eighty days in the conclave, on 7 April 1655, taking the name of Alexander VII.

Indeed, in the first year of his reign, Alexander VII lived simply and forbade his relations even to visit Rome.

A number of pontifs are renowned for their urban planning in the city of Rome, but Alexander VII ’ s numerous urban interventions were not only diverse in scope and scale but demonstrated a consistent planning and architectural vision that the glorification and embellishment of the city, ancient and modern, sacred and secular, should be governed by order and decorum.

However, he prevented Louis XIV from sending the usual embassy of obedience to Alexander VII, and, while he lived, he foiled the appointment of a French ambassador to Rome, diplomatic affairs being meantime conducted by cardinal protectors, generally personal enemies of the Pope.

Alexander VII favoured the Jesuits.

The tomb of Pope Alexander VII, by Gianlorenzo Bernini

Alexander VII disliked the business of state, preferring literature and philosophy ; a collection of his Latin poems appeared at Paris in 1656 under the title Philomathi Labores Juveniles.

Alexander VII wrote one of the most authoritative documents related to the heliocentrism issue.

* Cardinals created by Alexander VII

* Monument to Alexander VII by Bernini in St Peter's Basilica

af: Pous Alexander VII

de: Alexander VII.

A 2002 randomized controlled UK university study of 93 people with clinically confirmed idiopathic Parkinson's disease found that participants who received Alexander Technique lessons reported sustained improvements in their physical functioning, as well as reporting themselves to be less depressed and to have improved attitudes towards themselves.

The main weapons of assassination chosen organised the successful assassination of King Alexander I of Serbia and his consort Draga ; he confirmed that Captain Dragutin Dimitrijevic, who had personally led the group of Army officers who killed the royal couple in the Old Palace at Belgrade on the night of 28 / 29 May 1903 ( Old Style ), was also the Black Hand's leader.

The procedure initiated by the text of Alexander III, confirmed by a bull of Pope Innocent III in the year 1200, issued on the occasion of the canonization of Saint Cunegunde, led to increasingly elaborate inquiries.

Alexander confirmed the grant in 1255 in return for 2000 ounces of gold per annum, the service of 300 knights for three months when required, and 135, 541 marks to reimburse the pope for the money he had expended attempting to oust Manfred from Sicily.

In 1409 he took part in the Council of Pisa, and was one of the supporters of Antipope Alexander V. Later he confirmed his allegiance to another antipope, John XXIII, by whom his family obtained several privileges, while Oddone obtained for himself the vicariate of Todi, Orvieto, Perugia and Umbria.

On 11 June, he confirmed the Minor Observantines in the Holy Land in the privileges and indulgences granted to those who visit the holy places, according to the decree of Popes Alexander VII and Clement IX.

The year is stated as the ninth year of Ptolemy V's reign ( equated with 197 / 196 BC ), and it is confirmed by naming four priests who officiated in that same year: Aëtus son of Aëtus was priest of the divine cults of Alexander the Great and the five Ptolemies down to Ptolemy V himself ; his three colleagues, named in turn in the inscription, led the worship of Berenice Euergetis ( wife of Ptolemy III ), Arsinoe Philadelpha ( wife and sister of Ptolemy II ) and Arsinoe Philopator, mother of Ptolemy V. However, a second date is also given in the Greek and hieroglyphic texts, corresponding to, the official anniversary of Ptolemy's coronation.

* February 11 – Clifford Alexander Jr. is confirmed as the first African-American Secretary of the United States Army.

The concessions given in them were confirmed by bulls issued by Pope Callixtus III ( Inter Caetera quae in 1456 ), Sixtus IV ( Aeterni regis in 1481 ), and Leo X ( 1514 ), and they became the models for subsequent bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI: Eximiae devotionis ( 3 May 1493 ), Inter Caetera ( 4 May 1493 ) and Dudum Siquidem ( 23 September 1493 ), in which he conferred similar rights to Spain relating to the newly-discovered lands in the Americas.

In the spring of 334 BC, Philip's heir, Alexander, who had himself been confirmed as Hegemon by the League of Corinth, invaded Asia Minor at the head of a combined Macedonian and Greek army.

The Tsar Alexander I confirmed the new Finnish constitution ( which was essentially the Swedish constitution from 1772 ), and made Finland an autonomous Grand Duchy.

Under the agreement, Antipater becomes the regent of the Macedonian Empire on behalf of the two kings: the intellectually retarded Philip III Arrhidaeus and the infant Alexander IV of Macedon while Ptolemy is confirmed in possession of Egypt and Cyrene.

When Alexander returned to Memphis in April 331 BC, envoys from Greece were waiting for him, saying that the oracles at Didyma and Erythrae, which had been silent for a long time, had suddenly spoken and confirmed that Alexander was the son of Zeus.

The status of the successive heads of this clan as the " senior inaugural official " seems confirmed by records of the inauguration ceremonies of Alexander II ( reigned 1214 – 1249 ) and Alexander III ( reigned 1249 – 1286 ).

The election was confirmed by Pope Alexander IV in 1257.

Doubts were cast by eminent scholars on Laudabiliter itself in the 19th century, but its effect was confirmed by letters of Pope Alexander III and by the facts on the ground.

Following the burial of Alexander I, the abbey graveyard confirmed its status as the mausoleum of Scotland's Kings and Queens.

" That was confirmed by Alexander Kouzminov who was responsible for transporting dangerous pathogens from around the world for Russian program of biological weapons in the 1980s and the beginning of 1990s.

He was confirmed in his post as commander of the Turkestan Military District by Provisional Government War Minister Alexander Guchkov.

Eisenhower confirmed through Major General Omar N. Bradley and others that Fredendall ′ s subordinates had no confidence in him as their commander ; British General Harold Alexander diplomatically told U. S. commanders, " I'm sure you must have better men than that ".

The first requirement ( coronation by the Archbishop of Esztergom ) was confirmed by Béla III, who had been crowned by the Archbishop of Kalocsa based on the special authorisation of Pope Alexander III, but after his coronation he declared that his coronation would not harm the customary claim of the Archbishops of Esztergom to crown the kings.

A fresh bull of Alexander VII in April 1655 further confirmed the society ; this was followed by a brief in September of the same year, regulating its constitution.