In more ordinary cases Tsar Alexander III could be at once kind, simple, and even almost homely.

Another influence was Alexander Kikin, a high-placed official who had fallen out with the Tsar and had been deprived of his estates.

There, with the active aid of the Russian government, he at length got access to the remainder of the precious Sinaitic codex, and persuaded the monks to present it to Tsar Alexander II of Russia, at whose cost it was published in 1862 ( in four folio volumes ).

* 1825 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia ( b. 1777 )

The Congress was a personal triumph for Francis, where he hosted the assorted dignitaries in comfort, though Francis undermined his allies Tsar Alexander and Frederick William III of Prussia by negotiating a secret treaty with the restored French king Louis XVIII.

The Tsar reportedly awarded the title to the five finalists: Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Siegbert Tarrasch, and Frank Marshall ( respectively, the World Champion, the next two World Champions, and two players who had lost World Championship matches to Lasker ).

Napoleon made a major misstep when he declared war on Russia after a dispute with Tsar Alexander I and launched an invasion of Russia in 1812.

* 1855 – Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.

* 1861 – Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia: Tsar Alexander II signs the emancipation reform into law, abolishing Russian serfdom.

* 1883 – Alexander III is crowned Tsar of Russia.

* 1845 – Tsar Alexander III of Russia ( d. 1894 )

Because of the many threats against Maria and Alexander III, the head of the security police, General Cherevin, shortly after the coronation urged the Tsar and his family to relocate to Gatchina Palace, a more secure location 50 kilometres outside St. Petersburg.

Tsar Alexander III and Tsarina Maria Feodorovna and their five children.

Tsar Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna had four sons and two daughters:

* 1894 – Nicholas II becomes the new Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.

Russia's Tsar Alexander II and his chancellor Prince Gorchakov, at the time on a state visit to Germany, seized the opportunity to inject themselves as European peace makers.

After a heated argument in Bismarck's office Wilhelm, whom Bismarck had allowed to see a letter from Tsar Alexander III describing him as a " badly brought-up boy ", stormed out, after first ordering the rescinding of the Cabinet Order of 1851, which had forbidden Prussian Cabinet Ministers to report directly to the King of Prussia, requiring them instead to report via the Prime Minister.

When a church was built over the spot in St Petersburg where Tsar Alexander II of Russia had been assassinated, the " Church of the Savior on Blood ", the natural style to use was one that best evoked traditional Russian features ( illustration, left ).

The Provisional government that replaced the Tsar ( initially presided by prince Georgy Lvov, later by Alexander Kerensky ), however, decided to continue the war on the Entente side.

The Grande Armée was welcomed in Vilnius, since its inhabitants expected Tsar Alexander I to grant the country autonomy in response to Napoleon's promises to restore the Commonwealth.

* October 13 – Dagmar of Denmark, later Maria Fyodorovna, wife of Tsar Alexander III and Empress Consort of Russia ( b. 1847 )

** Tsar Alexander I ( Russia )

** Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, marries Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Tsar Alexander III of Russia.

* 13 March 1881 — Assassination of the Tsar of the Russian Empire Alexander II of Russia.

* November 1 – Russian Tsar Alexander III is succeeded by his son Nicholas II.

After a performance of the ballet ' Tsar Kandavl ' at the Mariinsky Theatre, I first caught sight of the Emperor.

He was born in Moscow, the son of Tsar Peter I and his first wife Eudoxia Lopukhina.

On the way home, he negotiated with King Levon I of Armenia, the Emperor Theodore I Laskaris of Nicaea and Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria and arranged several marriage contracts between his children and the courts he visited.

Tsar Paul I of Russia sent, among other rewards, a gold box studded with diamonds and similar gifts in silver arrived from other European rulers.

The apple of discord: King George I of Greece and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria at Thessaloniki, December 1912.

* 1825 – Advocates of liberalism in Russia rise up against Tsar Nicholas I and are put down in the Decembrist Revolt in St. Petersburg.

In 913, Simeon I of Bulgaria was crowned Emperor ( Tsar ) by the Patriarch of Constantinople and imperial regent Nicholas Mystikos outside of the Byzantine capital.

On 31 October 1721, Peter I was proclaimed Emperor by the Senate-the title used was Latin " Imperator ", which is a westernizing form equivalent to the traditional Slavic title " Tsar ".

* 1613 – Mikhail I is elected unanimously as Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia.

But in 1648 beginning of the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, at this time in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which continues until 1654, and results is concluded in the city of Pereyaslav during the meeting between the Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host and Tsar Alexey I of Russia the Treaty of Pereyaslav.

Election of 16-year old Michael I of Russia | Mikhail Romanov, the first Tsar of the Romanov dynasty

Peter I was succeeded by his second wife ( Catherine I, 1725 – 1728 ) who was merely a figure-head for a powerful group of high officials, then by his minor grandson ( Peter II, 1728 – 1730 ), then by his niece, Anna, daughter of Tsar Ivan V. In 1741 Elizabeth, daughter of Peter, seized the throne, assisted by the Preobrazhensky Regiment.

Luckily for Europe, their need for large armies fit the philosophy of Tsar Nicholas I.

Hotel Astoria ( Saint Petersburg ) | Hotel Astoria and a statue of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia in front, in Saint Petersburg, Russia

* 1676 – Tsar Alexis I of Russia ( b. 1629 )

" After the paper published an article strongly criticising the monarchy in Russia, the Russian Tsar Nicholas I, an ally of the Prussian monarchy, requested that the Rheinische Zeitung be banned.

* 1801 – Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death in his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle.

* 1828 – Maria Feodorovna ( Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg ), wife of Tsar Paul I of Russia ( b. 1759 )

* Paul I of Russia ( 1754 – 1801 ), Tsar of Russia

In 1654 the Ukrainian leader, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, offered to place Ukraine under the protection of the Russian Tsar, Aleksey I. Aleksey's acceptance of this offer led to another Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ).

World War I prompted a Russian outcry directed at Tsar Nicholas II.