Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski () ( July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950 ) was a Polish-American philosopher and scientist.

*: The article on Whorf states " Drawing on Nietzsche's ideas of perspectivism Alfred Korzybski developed the theory of general semantics which has been compared to Whorf's notions of linguistic relativity.

* Alfred Korzybski Memorial Lecture

* Alfred Korzybski, Manhood of Humanity, foreword by Edward Kasner, notes by M. Kendig, Institute of General Semantics, 1950, hardcover, 2nd edition, 391 pages, ISBN 0-937298-00-X.

*< cite > Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics </ cite >, Alfred Korzybski, Preface by Robert P. Pula, Institute of General Semantics, 1994, hardcover, 5th edition, ISBN 0-937298-01-8, ( full text online )

* Alfred Korzybski, Collected Writings 1920-1950, Institute of General Semantics, 1990, hardcover, ISBN 0-685-40616-4

In memoriam: Alfred H. Korzybski.

* Alfred Korzybski and Gestalt Therapy Website

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Van Vogt was always interested in the idea of all-encompassing systems of knowledge ( akin to modern meta-systems ) -- the characters in his very first story used a system called ' Nexialism ' to analyze the alien's behaviour, and he became interested in the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski.

Although neither the Nazi Party nor Hitler himself had a cohesive architectural policy before they came to power in 1933, Nazi writers like Wilhelm Frick and Alfred Rosenberg had already labeled the Bauhaus " un-German " and criticized its modernist styles, deliberately generating public controversy over issues like flat roofs.

Psychoanalysis has expanded, been criticized and developed in different directions, mostly by some of Freud's former students, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung, Wilhelm Reich and later by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan and Jacques Lacan.

R. F. Littledale criticized the Sun myth theory when he illustrated that Max Müller on his own principles was himself only a Solar myth, whilst Alfred Lyall delivered a still stronger attack on the same theory and its assumption that tribal gods and heroes, such as those of Homer, were mere reflections of the Sun myth by proving that the gods of certain Rajput clans were really warriors who founded the clans not many centuries ago, and were the ancestors of the present chieftains.

Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by his students Edith Stein and Martin Heidegger, by existentialists, such as Max Scheler, Nicolai Hartmann, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and by other philosophers, such as Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin.

Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Orson Welles, Howard Hawks, John Ford, and many other forward-thinking film directors were held up in admiration while standard Hollywood films bound by traditional narrative flow were strongly criticized.

Alfred Moran, the executive director of Planned Parenthood of New York City, also criticized the song, fearing that it would undermine efforts to promote birth control among adolescents and that it would encourage teenage pregnancy.

Alfred Hitchcock used the process successfully to show Cary Grant being attacked by a crop duster plane in North by Northwest, but was criticized when he used it extensively in Marnie.

Various refinements were made to the instrument, including the use of a so-called position-sensitive ( PoS ) detector by Alfred Cerezo, Terence Godfrey, and George D. W. Smith at Oxford University in 1988.

His artistry in directing and use of cinematography and suspense in several of his films has often been compared to the work of Alfred Hitchcock.

The use of the word borough probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great.

As with Chronicle, The List was compiled during the reign of Alfred the Great, and both the List and the Chronicle are influenced by the desire of their writers to use a single line of descent to trace the lineage of the Kings of Wessex through Cerdic to Gewis, a descendant of Woden and the legendary ancestor of the West Saxons.

Alfred is the only name with this element which remains in comparatively widespread use.

While teaching at the University of Florida, Alfred Korzybski counseled his students to eliminate the infinitive and verb forms of " to be " from their vocabulary, whereas a second group continued to use " I am ," " You are ," " They are " statements as usual.

It was not until 1922 that Alfred W. Porter proposed the symbol " H " as the accepted standard, thus finalizing the terminology still in use today.

1929 was a watershed year: William Wellman with Chinatown Nights and The Man I Love, Rouben Mamoulian with Applause, Alfred Hitchcock with Blackmail ( Britain's first sound feature ), were among the directors to bring greater fluidity to talkies and experiment with the expressive use of sound ( Eyman, 1997 ).

Both Dmitri Shostakovich ( Hamlet, 1964 ) and Alfred Schnittke ( Symphony No. 8, 1998 ) wrote works that use the harpsichord as part of the orchestral texture.

In 1917, Albert Einstein established the theoretical foundations for the laser and the maser in the paper Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung ( On the Quantum Theory of Radiation ); via a re-derivation of Max Planck ’ s law of radiation, conceptually based upon probability coefficients ( Einstein coefficients ) for the absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation ; in 1928, Rudolf W. Ladenburg confirmed the existences of the phenomena of stimulated emission and negative absorption ; in 1939, Valentin A. Fabrikant predicted the use of stimulated emission to amplify “ short ” waves ; in 1947, Willis E. Lamb and R. C. Retherford found apparent stimulated emission in hydrogen spectra and effected the first demonstration of stimulated emission ; in 1950, Alfred Kastler ( Nobel Prize for Physics 1966 ) proposed the method of optical pumping, experimentally confirmed, two years later, by Brossel, Kastler, and Winter.

In 1939, Valentin A. Fabrikant predicted the use of stimulated emission to amplify " short " waves ; In 1947, Willis E. Lamb and R. C. Retherford found apparent stimulated emission in hydrogen spectra and effected the first demonstration of stimulated emission ; in 1950, Alfred Kastler ( Nobel Prize for Physics 1966 ) proposed the method of optical pumping, experimentally confirmed, two years later, by Brossel, Kastler, and Winter.

By 1932, the Great Depression had forced studios to cut back on needless expense and it was not until 1953 that wider aspect ratios were again used in an attempt to stop the fall in attendance due, partially, to the emergence of television in the U. S. However, a few producers and directors, among them Alfred Hitchcock, have been reluctant to use the anamorphic widescreen size featured in such formats as Cinemascope.

Alfred Hitchcock almost single-handedly ushered in the spy-adventure genre, also firmly establishing the use of action-oriented " set pieces " like the famous crop-duster scene and the Mount Rushmore finale in North by Northwest.

Evidence supports that Alfred Canning had read both the Calvert and Carnegie expedition accounts to find out about the country ( which both had described as extremely difficult terrain ) and the use of Aboriginal people to find water, an example Canning followed during his own expedition.

However, Alfred Brehm reported a dingo that completely learned the more " typical " form of barking and knew how to use it, while its brother did not.

When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, Lorre took refuge first in Paris and then London, where he was noticed by Ivor Montagu, Alfred Hitchcock's associate producer for The Man Who Knew Too Much ( 1934 ), who reminded the director about Lorre's performance in M. They first considered him to play the assassin in the film, but wanted to use him in a larger role, despite his limited command of English, which Lorre overcame by learning much of his part phonetically.

Another early example is the use of interior monologue by T. S. Eliot in his poem " The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock " ( 1915 ), a work probably influenced by the narrative poetry of Robert Browning, including " Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister ".

In the United States, Alfred Barr was the first to use this term in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily Kandinsky.

Originally a temporary building designed by Gustave Eiffel for use as a wine rotunda at the Great Exposition of 1900, the structure was dismantled and re-erected as low-cost studios for artists by Alfred Boucher ( 1850 – 1934 ), a fireman and sculptor, who wanted to help young artists by providing them with shared models and with an exhibition space open to all residents.

Neoclassical location theorists, following in the tradition of Alfred Weber, tend to focus on industrial location and use quantitative methods.

The small sword could be a highly effective duelling weapon, and some systems for the use of the bayonet were developed using the method of the smallsword as their foundation, ( including perhaps most notably, that of Alfred Hutton ).

Just as rhyme was seen in some Anglo-Saxon poems ( e. g. The Rhyming Poem, and, to some degree, The Proverbs of Alfred ), the use of alliterative verse continued into Middle English.

Rhodes financed much of the British presence in Nyasaland and worked closely with Johnston and his successors ( Alfred Sharpe became one ) so he could use them as emissaries and their Nyasaland troops as enforcers, particularly in North-Eastern Rhodesia.

* Elisabeth Weis, 1982, The Silent Scream — Alfred Hitchcock's Sound Track ( 1982 ), " Expressionism at its Height: Secret Agent " — a discussion of Hitchcoock's use of sound in the film.