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Amalric could not follow up on his success in Egypt because Nur ad-Din was active in Syria, having taken Bohemund III of Antioch and Raymond III of Tripoli prisoner at the Battle of Harim during Amalric's absence.
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Amalric and could
In response Dirgham sought help from Amalric, but Shirkuh and Shawar arrived before Amalric could intervene and Dirgham was killed.
However, Amalric could not remain there indefinitely, and returned to Jerusalem after exacting an enormous tribute.
He claimed to have been commissioned to write by King Amalric himself, but William did not allow himself to praise the king excessively ; for example, Amalric did not respect the rights of the church, and although he was a good military commander, he could not stop the increasing threat from the neighbouring Muslim states.
It had been agreed that, should Baldwin V die as a child, the kingdom could be claimed either by his mother Sibylla or his aunt Isabella, the only surviving children of his grandfather Amalric I.
In response, Dirgham allied with Amalric, but the king could not mobilize in time to save him.
The crusaders occupied Alexandria and Cairo and made Egypt a tributary state, but Amalric could not hold the country while Nur ad-Din still held Syria, and he was forced to return to Jerusalem.
Of Queen Sibylla's right to rule, Bernard Hamilton wrote " there is no real doubt, following the precedent of Melisende, that Sibylla, as the elder daughter of King Amalric, had the best claim to the throne ; equally, there could be no doubt after the ceremony that Guy only held the crown matrimonial.
Amalric and up
The Egyptians then opened up the Nile dams and let the river flood, hoping to prevent Amalric from invading any further.
Amalric rushed to take up the regency of Antioch and Tripoli and secured Bohemund's ransom in 1165 ( Raymond remained in captivity until 1173 ).
Once Amalric gave up on this point he was able to marry Maria in Tyre on August 29, 1167.
She was supported by, among others, Manasses of Hierges, who essentially governed for her as constable ; her son Amalric, whom she set up as Count of Jaffa ; Philip of Milly ; and the Ibelin family.
After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king.
After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king.
Mleh then attacked the Templars at Baghras ; Bohemond III of Antioch appealed to King Amalric I of Jerusalem, who marched up into Cilicia and temporarily, its seems, restored Imperial rule.
Amalric and on
In 1204 his doctrines were condemned by the university, and, on a personal appeal to Pope Innocent III, the sentence was ratified, Amalric being ordered to return to Paris and recant his errors.
Baldwin III died on 10 February 1163 and the kingdom passed to Amalric, although there was some opposition among the nobility to Agnes ; they were willing to accept the marriage in 1157 when Baldwin III was still capable of siring an heir, but now the Haute Cour refused to endorse Amalric as king unless his marriage to Agnes was annulled.
In 1194, on the death of Guy, he became King of Cyprus as Amalric I.
Amalric died of dysentery ( allegedly brought on by " a surfeit of white mullet ") or even poisoned at Saint Jean d ' Acre on 1 April 1205, just after his son Amalric and four days before his wife, and was buried at Saint Sophia, Nicosia.
When Patriarch Amalric died on 6 October 1180, the two most obvious choices for his successor were William of Tyre and Heraclius of Caesarea.
Amalric withdrew his Templar garrison from Gaza to assist him in defending Darum, but Saladin evaded their force and fell on Gaza instead.
Also in 1157, on the death of patriarch Fulcher, Melisende, her half-sister Sibylla of Flanders, and Ioveta the Abbess of Bethany, had Amalric of Nesle appointed as patriarch of Jerusalem.
In 1160 she gave her assent to a grant made by her son Amalric to the Holy Sepulchre, perhaps on the occasion of the birth of her granddaughter Sibylla to Agnes and Amalric.
When Patriarch Amalric died on 6 October 1180, the two most obvious choices for his successor were William and Heraclius of Caesarea.
That year, Shawar was overthrown by Dirgham ; soon afterwards, the King of Jerusalem, Amalric I, led an offensive against Egypt, on the pretext that the Fatimids were not paying the tribute they had promised to pay during the reign of Baldwin III.
In 1174 Amalric died and was succeeded by his son Baldwin IV, who was still too young to rule on his own and furthermore was suffering from leprosy.
Hugh I of Cyprus ( or Hugues I de Lusignan ) ( 1194 / 1195 – January 10, 1218 ) succeeded to the throne of Cyprus on April 1, 1205 underage upon the death of his elderly father Amalric of Lusignan, King of Cyprus and Jerusalem.
He was, however, released and returned to Cyprus on the assassination of Amalric in 1310.
The Council was headed by the Bishop of Sens and ordered the body of Amalric of Chartres to be disinterred and burned, David's writings to be burned, and forbade reading Aristotle's works on natural philosophy.
He possibly also joined Landgrave Hermann I and the Henneberg count Otto von Botenlauben on the Crusade of 1197 and witnessed the coronation of King Amalric II of Jerusalem.
The city played a role in the machinations for control of the Fatimid vizierate: first in 1164, when Shirkuh was besieged in the city by the combined forces of Shiwar and Amalric I of Jerusalem for three months ; then again in 1168 when the city was assaulted again by Amalric's army, who took the city after three days on November 4 and indiscriminately killed the inhabitants.
Agnes and Amalric made their home in the royal court, where Queen Melisende acted as regent for her son Baldwin III while he was on campaign.
Amalric and success
Amalric of Lusignan's success is likely to have facilitated Guy's social and political advancement whenever he arrived.
What is certain is that Amalric of Lusignan's success facilitated Guy's social and political advancement.
However, in 1168, the Christian King Amalric I of Jerusalem, who had been trying for years to launch a successful attack on Egypt in order to expand the Crusader territories, had finally achieved a certain amount of success.
Amalric and Egypt
Amalric led his first expedition into Egypt in 1163, claiming that the Fatimids had not paid the yearly tribute that had begun during the reign of Baldwin III.
Amalric returned to Egypt in 1164 and besieged Shirkuh in Bilbeis until Shirkuh retreated to Damascus.
In 1167, Nur ad-Din sent Shirkuh back to Egypt and Amalric once again followed him, establishing a camp near Cairo ; Shawar again allied with Amalric and a treaty was signed with the caliph al-Adid himself.
In 1168 Amalric and Manuel negotiated an alliance against Egypt, and William of Tyre was among the ambassadors sent to Constantinople to finalize the treaty.
Meanwhile Nur ad-Din sent Shirkuh back to Egypt as well, and upon his arrival Amalric retreated.
In 1163 the chaotic situation in Egypt led to a refusal to pay tribute to Jerusalem, and requests were sent to Nur ad-Din for assistance ; in response, Amalric invaded, but was turned back when the Egyptians flooded the Nile at Bilbeis.
Nur ad-Din sent Shirkuh back to Egypt in 1166, and Shawar again allied with Amalric, who was defeated at the Battle of al-Babein.
Amalric, however, not knowing of the diversion to Constantinople, raided Egypt in advance of the expected invasion.
Shirkuh engaged in a power struggle over Egypt with Shawar and Amalric I of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, in which Shawar requested Amalric's assistance.
* Amalric I of Jerusalem unsuccessfully invades Egypt.
Amalric had come to power in 1164 and had made it his goal to conquer Egypt.
Amalric turned towards Egypt because Muslim territory to the east of Jerusalem had fallen under the control of the powerful Zengid sultan Nur ad-Din.
In 1167 Amalric married Maria Comnena, grand-niece of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus, and in 1168 the king sent William to finalize a treaty for a joint Byzantine-crusader campaign against Egypt.
William accused them of hindering the Siege of Ascalon in 1153 ; of poorly defending a cave-fortress in 1165, for which twelve Templars were hanged by King Amalric ; of sabotaging the invasion of Egypt in 1168 ; and of murdering Assassin ambassadors in 1173.
In the 1160s, Nur ad-Din's attention was mostly held by a competition with the King of Jerusalem, Amalric I, for control of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.
Shirkuh agreed to abandon Egypt when Amalric was forced to return home, after Nur ad-Din attacked Antioch and besieged the castle of Harenc.
In 1168 Amalric sought an alliance with Emperor Manuel and invaded Egypt once more.
One last invasion of Egypt was launched by Amalric and Manuel, but it was disorganized and came to nothing.
In 1164, when Nur ed-Din, the emir of Aleppo knew that King Amalric I had left for Egypt, he struck at the Principality of Antioch and laid siege to the key-fortress of Harenc.
King Amalric I of Jerusalem hastened back from his invasion of Egypt to take control of the regency of Antioch ; Bohemond was freed, for a large ransom ( 150, 000 dinars ), in 1165 with the intervention of Amalric and Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus, his nominal overlord ; Manuel was also his brother-in-law, as he was married to Bohemond's sister Maria of Antioch.
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