Amino acids (,, or ) are biologically important molecules made from amine (- NH < sub > 2 </ sub >) and carboxylic acid (- COOH ) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid.

Amino acids having both the amine and carboxylic acid groups attached to the first, or alpha, carbon atom have particular importance in biochemistry.

Amino acids are usually classified by the properties of their side-chain into four groups.

Amino acids also exist as zwitterions in the solid phase, and crystallize with salt-like properties unlike typical organic acids or amines.

Amino acids are the structural units that make up proteins.

Amino acids can be joined together via a peptide bond.

Amino acids that share the same biosynthetic pathway tend to have the same first base in their codons.

Amino acids with similar physical properties tend to have similar codons.

Amino acids that make up proteins may be positive, negative, neutral, or polar in nature, and together give a protein its overall charge.

Amino acids are natural monomers that polymerize at ribosomes to form proteins.

* Amino acids: glutamate, aspartate, D-serine, γ-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ), glycine

Amino acids are also an important dietary source of nitrogen.

Amino acids which have been incorporated into a peptide are termed " residues "; every peptide has a N-terminus and C-terminus residue on the ends of the peptide ( except for cyclic peptides ).

Amino acids are selected, collected and carried to the ribosome by transfer RNA ( tRNA molecules ), which enter one part of the ribosome and bind to the messenger RNA chain.

Amino acids vary in their ability to form the various secondary structure elements.

Amino acids that prefer to adopt helical conformations in proteins include methionine, alanine, leucine, glutamate and lysine (" MALEK " in amino-acid 1-letter codes ); by contrast, the large aromatic residues ( tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine ) and-branched amino acids ( isoleucine, valine, and threonine ) prefer to adopt β-strand conformations.

Amino acids are the best-known examples of zwitterions.

Amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, the folded protein ( the right hand side of the figure ), known as the native state.

* Amino acids and their salts:

Category: Amino acids

Key: Single letters: Amino acid # Table of standard amino acid abbreviations and side chain properties | amino acids.

Amino Acids such as proline accumulate in halophytic Brassica species, quaternary ammonium bases such as Glycine Betaine and sugars have been shown to act in this role within halophytic members of Chenopodiaceae and members of Asteraceae show the build up of cyclites and soluble sugars.

Catabolism of proteinogenic amino acid s. Amino acids are classified according the abilities of their products to enter gluconeogenesis: < li > Glucogenic amino acids have this ability < li > Ketogenic amino acids do not.

Amino acids have reactive moieties at the N-and C-termini, which facilitates amino acid coupling during synthesis.

A recent study, by researchers in Peoria, IL, published in Pediatrics in 2008, demonstrated that using a higher rate of lipid ( fats and / or oils ) infusion for very low birth weight infants in the first week of life resulted in zero infants developing NEC in the experimental group, compared with 14 % with NEC in the control group ( They started the experimental group at 2 g / kg / d of 20 % IVFE and increased within two days to 3 g / kg / d ; Amino acids were started at 3 g / kg / d and increased to 3. 5 ).

They released their self-titled debut album in 2003, followed by Amino Acid Flashback in 2005, and Circus of Sound in 2008.

Amino acids will be eluted when the pH reaches their respective isoelectric points.

Amino acid residues within the pro-region mediate their membrane association, and play a role in the transport of the proenzyme to lysosomes.

* Amino Yoshihiko et al., Shōen no seiritsu to ryōyū 荘園の成立と領有 Rise of Japanese Manors and their Territorial Rights, ( Kōza Nihon shōen shi 講座日本荘園史, 2 ), Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1991 ; ISBN 4-642-02692-4.

Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score ( PDCAAS ) is a method of evaluating the protein quality based on both the amino acid requirements of humans and their ability to digest it.

The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score is a more modern rating for determining protein quality.

Amino acids containing a secondary amine group ( the only proteinogenic amino acid of this type is proline ) are sometimes named imino acids, though this usage is disputed by some.

Amino acid oxidase also triggers some other enzymes and is responsible for the yellow colour of the venom of some species.

The Kumihama area is well known for its many hot springs, while Amino is one of the major producers of the Tango Chirimen.

Ajinomoto is also a leading supplier of the Amino Acid L-Glutamine.

is a six episode original video animation ( OVA ) anime series produced by Ashi Productions and directed by Tetsurō Amino.

Amino acids are poor modular building blocks because they don ’ t act independently and there is a fundamental lack of understanding about the relationship between linear amino acid sequences and the folding and functionality of proteins.

Amino acid similarity matrices are more complicated, because there are 20 amino acids coded for by the genetic code.

Amino acid residues that are responsible for the binding of SP and its antagonists are present in the extracellular loops and transmembrane regions of NK-1.

Amino acid oxidases and proteases are used for digestion.

Arginine correction for Amino acids

Amino acids are the necessary " building block " molecules for proteins.

Amino acids that are required for antibody binding can be identified by a loss of reactivity and mapped onto protein structures to visualize epitopes.