The abstract factory pattern is a software creational design pattern that provides a way to encapsulate a group of individual factories that have a common theme without specifying their concrete classes.

In normal usage, the client software creates a concrete implementation of the abstract factory and then uses the generic interfaces to create the concrete objects that are part of the theme.

An example of this would be an abstract factory class that provides interfaces to create a number of products ( e. g. and ).

The client would need to know how to handle only the abstract or class, not the specific version that it got from the concrete factory.

However, the factory only returns an abstract pointer to the created concrete object.

This insulates client code from object creation by having clients ask a factory object to create an object of the desired abstract type and to return an abstract pointer to the object.

As the factory only returns an abstract pointer, the client code ( that requested the object from the factory ) does not know – and is not burdened by – the actual concrete type of the object that was just created.

However, the type of a concrete object ( and hence a concrete factory ) is known by the abstract factory ; for instance, the factory may read it from a configuration file.

Objects of a concrete type are indeed created by the factory, but the client code accesses such objects only through their abstract interface.

( The different factory then creates objects of a different concrete type, but still returns a pointer of the same abstract type as before – thus insulating the client code from change.

* avoid subclasses of an object creator in the client application, like the abstract factory pattern does.

The abstract factory pattern is a way to decouple a particular implementation of an object from code for the creation of such an object.

As the factory only returns an abstract pointer, the client code does not know-and is not burdened by-the actual concrete type of the object which was just created.

However, the type of a concrete object is known by the abstract factory.

Objects of a concrete type are indeed created by the factory, but the client code accesses such objects only through their abstract interface.

The puja of the murti is a way to communicate with the abstract one God ( Brahman ) which creates, sustains and dissolves creation.

The abstract guiFactory has concrete implementations, such as MotifFactory, which creates concrete elements of the appropriate type ( MotifScrollBar ).

" Limited " animation creates an image with abstract art, symbolism, and fewer drawings to create the same effect, at a much lower cost.

She creates large, abstract 3-D sculptures.

The Murti is like a way to communicate with the abstract one god ( Brahman ) which creates, sustains, and dissolves creation.

Gentile took the stand against psychology and psycho-analysis that one cannot abstract ( i. e. make object out of ) the source that creates its own surrounding reality, as one does by his own philosophy, and that any empirical observations of behavioral anthropology appear true because empiricalism always adheres to its own laws, being a closed system it is true within its own considered vacuum.

* May – June-David Smith creates the Voltri series of abstract sculptures ( e. g. Voltri XV ) in Italy.

When computer programs are executed, the operating system creates an abstract entity called a process in which the book-keeping for that program is maintained.

Human work creates cultural products ranging from small, daily values such as cleanliness and honesty to larger, more abstract phenomena like philosophy, and language.

Kedrin is an abstract expressionist ( or " mystical abstract romanticist "), and creates both paintings and sculpture.

De Keyser creates abstract paintings and works on paper.

From such uncertainties, that characterize ongoing work, stems the unavailability of a definition of algorithm that suits both concrete ( in some sense ) and abstract usage of the term.

Van Emde Boas observes " even if we base complexity theory on abstract instead of concrete machines, arbitrariness of the choice of a model remains.

The main forms are empiricism, which associates numbers with concrete physical objects ; and Platonism, according to which numbers are abstract, non-physical entities.

(" the truth-values of our mathematical assertions depend on facts involving platonic entities that reside in a realm outside of space-time ") Whilst our knowledge of concrete, physical objects is based on our ability to perceive them, and therefore to causally interact with them, there is no parallel account of how mathematicians come to have knowledge of abstract objects.

Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification, wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined ; thus effective communication about things in the abstract requires an intuitive or common experience between the communicator and the communication recipient.

Although the description sitting-on ( graph 1 ) is more abstract than the graphic image of a cat sitting on a mat ( picture 1 ), the delineation of abstract things from concrete things is somewhat ambiguous ; this ambiguity or vagueness is characteristic of abstraction.

Thus something as simple as a newspaper might be specified to six levels, as in Douglas Hofstadter's illustration of that ambiguity, with a progression from abstract to concrete in Gödel, Escher, Bach ( 1979 ):

This conceptual scheme emphasizes the inherent equality of both constituent and abstract data, thus avoiding problems arising from the distinction between " abstract " and " concrete ".

A recent meta-analysis suggests that the verbal system has greater engagement for abstract concepts when the perceptual system is more engaged for processing of concrete concepts.

This is because abstract concepts elicit greater brain activity in the inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus compared to concrete concepts when concrete concepts elicit greater activity in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus.

Properties, relations, and classes are supposed to be abstract, rather than concrete.

Many philosophers say that properties and relations have an abstract existence, and that physical objects have a concrete existence.

In cognitive linguistics, abstract concepts are transformations of concrete concepts derived from embodied experience.

In other words, the difference between language and dialect is the difference between the abstract or general and the concrete and particular.

He did not care about the abstract life of the race, but the incidents of individual character, the fortunes of a particular family, the relations of real and concrete motives in this or that special case.

In particular, Hofstadter claims that our sense of having ( or being ) an " I " comes from the abstract pattern he terms a " strange loop ", which is an abstract cousin of such concrete phenomena as audio and video feedback, and which Hofstadter has defined as " a level-crossing feedback loop ".

Both in his writing and in his teaching, Hofstadter stresses the concrete, constantly using examples and analogies, and avoids the abstract.

Existentialists generally regard traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience.

An abacus provides concrete experiences for learning abstract concepts.

Piaget hypothesized that children are not capable of abstract logical thought until they are older than about 11 years, and therefore younger children need to be taught using concrete objects and examples.

Researchers have found that transitions, such as from concrete to abstract logical thought, do not occur at the same time in all domains.