An abstract factory creates concrete objects of varying types, depending on the concrete implementation of the factory itself.

In normal usage, the client software creates a concrete implementation of the abstract factory and then uses the generic interfaces to create the concrete objects that are part of the theme.

An example of this would be an abstract factory class that provides interfaces to create a number of products ( e. g. and ).

The client would need to know how to handle only the abstract or class, not the specific version that it got from the concrete factory.

However, the factory only returns an abstract pointer to the created concrete object.

This insulates client code from object creation by having clients ask a factory object to create an object of the desired abstract type and to return an abstract pointer to the object.

As the factory only returns an abstract pointer, the client code ( that requested the object from the factory ) does not know – and is not burdened by – the actual concrete type of the object that was just created.

However, the type of a concrete object ( and hence a concrete factory ) is known by the abstract factory ; for instance, the factory may read it from a configuration file.

Objects of a concrete type are indeed created by the factory, but the client code accesses such objects only through their abstract interface.

( The different factory then creates objects of a different concrete type, but still returns a pointer of the same abstract type as before – thus insulating the client code from change.

* avoid subclasses of an object creator in the client application, like the abstract factory pattern does.

The abstract factory pattern is a way to decouple a particular implementation of an object from code for the creation of such an object.

As the factory only returns an abstract pointer, the client code does not know-and is not burdened by-the actual concrete type of the object which was just created.

However, the type of a concrete object is known by the abstract factory.

Objects of a concrete type are indeed created by the factory, but the client code accesses such objects only through their abstract interface.

In particular, Hofstadter claims that our sense of having ( or being ) an " I " comes from the abstract pattern he terms a " strange loop ", which is an abstract cousin of such concrete phenomena as audio and video feedback, and which Hofstadter has defined as " a level-crossing feedback loop ".

To implement the pattern, declare an abstract base class that specifies a pure virtual clone () method.

The template method ( that is non-abstract ) remains unchanged in this pattern, ensuring that the subordinate non-abstract methods and abstract methods are called in the originally intended sequence.

However, even a very abstract pattern will usually contain examples that are, by nature, absolutely concrete and specific.

These backdrops are usually painted, most often with an abstract mottled pattern.

When asked about this, instead of following this pattern of thinking, the Buddha attacks it at its very root: the notion of a principle in the abstract, superimposed on experience.

When asked about this, instead of following this pattern of thinking, the Buddha attacks it at its very root: the notion of a principle in the abstract, superimposed on experience.

According to MVAH researcher Hari Sharma, MVAH views the body as an abstract pattern of intelligence where as he feels modern medicine views the body as a machine.

It is recognized that each usage pattern ( i. e., abstract view and executable view ) will require a few specialized extensions, but these extensions are to be kept to a minimum and tested against requirements such as import / export and conformance checking that link the two usage patterns.

Handball demonstrates his " use of architectural settings as both psychological foil to human figures and as expressive abstract pattern.

The entire story functions symbolically ; often a pattern relates each literal item to a corresponding abstract idea or principle.

The design of the art glass windows is an abstract pattern of colored and clear glass using Wright's favorite 30 and 60-degree angles.

The conception of form in this period is abstract and geometrical, emphasis is on architectural shape and the interrelation of parts which favoured expressive pattern over realism.

There is a strong recent trend toward developing formal requirements for abstracts, most often structured on the IMRAD pattern, and often with strict additional specifications of topical content items that should be considered for inclusion in the abstract.

In articles that follow the IMRAD pattern ( especially original research, but sometimes other article types ), structured abstract style is the norm.

Fluid intelligence includes such abilities as pattern recognition, abstract reasoning, and problem-solving.

The first level's setting, presently an abstract black-and-pink pattern, was originally an elaborately drawn mountain range at sunset.

However, Zeki proposes an interesting question of whether there is a significant difference in the pattern of brain activity when viewing abstract art as opposed to representational art.

Backlit orange panels and an abstract tile pattern resembling a barcode at platform level distinguish the station from others in the system.

" Kanji, or the Chinese characters used in the Japanese language, often have literal and abstract meanings, here the kanji for " sound " ( 音-on ) having a more abstract meaning of " melody " or " music ," and the kanji for " head ," ( 頭 ) having a more abstract meaning of " beat ," " base pattern.

The test of form is fidelity to the experience, a gauge also accepted by the abstract expressionist painters.

In the first instance, `` mimesis '' is here used to mean the recalling of experience in terms of vivid images rather than in terms of abstract ideas or conventional designations.

What I have observed time and time again is a process of integration, integration that begins as abstract design and gradually takes on recognizable form ; ;

for this division is but an abstract representation of the social struggle between mysticism and science.

An operational approach to sociology can never expect abstract certainty, since it is certainty which every new discovery in science either replaces or reshapes.

Its abstract decor is by John Hultberg.

In law, an abstract is a brief statement that contains the most important points of a long legal document or of several related legal papers.

The Abstract of Title, used in real estate transactions, is the more common form of abstract.

After this is accomplished, no abstract of title is necessary.

The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny quantities has been around for millennia, but these ideas were founded in abstract, philosophical reasoning rather than experimentation and empirical observation.

The most general setting in which these words have meaning is an abstract branch of mathematics called category theory.

This is a very abstract definition since, in category theory, morphisms aren't necessarily functions and objects aren't necessarily sets.

In the context of abstract algebra, for example, a mathematical object is an algebraic structure such as a group, ring, or vector space.

Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which combines techniques of abstract algebra, especially commutative algebra, with the language and the problems of geometry.

Walter Burkert notes that " Ares is apparently an ancient abstract noun meaning throng of battle, war.

He is also noted for his mastery of abstract approaches to mathematics and his perfectionism in matters of formulation and presentation.

The term is also used, especially in the description of algorithms, to mean associative array or " abstract array ", a theoretical computer science model ( an abstract data type or ADT ) intended to capture the essential properties of arrays.

In abstract algebra, a field extension L / K is called algebraic if every element of L is algebraic over K, i. e. if every element of L is a root of some non-zero polynomial with coefficients in K. Field extensions that are not algebraic, i. e. which contain transcendental elements, are called transcendental.

(" the truth-values of our mathematical assertions depend on facts involving platonic entities that reside in a realm outside of space-time ") Whilst our knowledge of concrete, physical objects is based on our ability to perceive them, and therefore to causally interact with them, there is no parallel account of how mathematicians come to have knowledge of abstract objects.

Another line of defense is to maintain that abstract objects are relevant to mathematical reasoning in a way that is non causal, and not analogous to perception.