The ancient population centers such as Chaco Canyon ( outside Crownpoint, New Mexico ), Mesa Verde ( near Cortez, Colorado ), and Bandelier National Monument ( near Los Alamos, New Mexico ) for which the Ancestral Pueblo peoples are renowned, consisted of apartment-like complexes and structures made from stone, adobe mud, and other local material, or were carved into the sides of canyon walls.

Egyptians also believed that being mummified and put in a sarcophagus ( an ancient Egyptian " coffin " carved with complex symbols and designs, as well as pictures and hieroglyphs ) was the only way to have an afterlife.

With the ecclesiastical parishes of St Fagan's ( Trecynon ) and Aberaman carved out of the ancient parish, Aberdare had 12 Anglican churches and one Roman Catholic church, built in 1866 in Monk Street near the site of a cell attached to Penrhys monastery, and at one time had over 50 Nonconformist chapels.

The idea of an artifact made conscious is an ancient theme of mythology, appearing for example in the Greek myth of Pygmalion, who carved a statue that was magically brought to life, and in medieval Jewish stories of the Golem, a magically animated homunculus built of clay.

In ancient times graffiti was carved on walls with a sharp object, although sometimes chalk or coal were used.

The ancient Romans carved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also survive in Egypt.

The okapi was known to the ancient Egyptians, an ancient carved image of the animal was discovered in Egypt.

The appearance of the symbol of the seven-headed cobra on SLA propaganda indicates that it was copied from the ancient Sri Lankan / Indian seven-headed nāga ; carved stones depicting a seven-headed cobra are commonly found near the sluices of the ancient irrigation tanks in Sri Lanka and are believed to have been placed there as guardians of the water.

The Ridgeway passes near many Neolithic, Iron Age, and Bronze Age sites including Avebury Circle, a stone circle similar to Stonehenge ; Barbury Castle, Liddington Castle, Uffington Castle, Segsbury Castle, Pulpit Hill and Ivinghoe Beacon Hill, all Iron Age and Bronze Age hill forts ; Wayland's Smithy, a Neolithic chieftain burial tomb ; the Uffington White Horse, an ancient chalk horse carved into the hillside near Uffington Castle ; and Grim's Ditch, a section of earthwork near Mongewell created by Iron Age peoples as a possible demarcation line.

In ancient Armenia, the Tree of Life ( Կենաց Ծառ ) was a religious symbol and was drawn on walls of fortresses and carved on the armor of warriors.

* Khmer and Malay theatre – In Cambodia, at the ancient capital Angkor Wat, stories from the Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata have been carved on the walls of temples and palaces.

Eliot's poem " Lune de Miel " ( written in French ) describes a honeymooning couple from Indiana sleeping not far from the ancient Basilica of Sant ' Apollinare in Classe, ( just outside Ravenna ), famous for the carved capitals of its columns, which depict acanthus leaves buffeted by the wind, unlike the leaves in repose on similar columns elsewhere.

Near Mount Yamanlar in İzmir ( ancient Smyrna ), where the Lake Karagöl ( Lake Tantalus ) associated with the accounts surrounding him is found, is a monument mentioned by Pausanias: the tholos " tomb of Tantalus " ( later Christianized as " Saint Charalambos ' tomb ") and another one in Mount Sipylus, and where a " throne of Pelops ", an altar or bench carved in rock and conjecturally associated with his son is found.

Preserved examples of various forms of spoons used by the ancient Egyptians include those composed of ivory, flint, slate and wood ; many of them carved with religious symbols.

In the ancient Mesoamerican city of Teotihuacan, the brilliantly colored image of the butterfly was carved into many temples, buildings, jewelry, and emblazoned on incense burners in particular.

Many ancient organic cities experienced redevelopment for military and economic purposes, new roads carved through the cities, and new parcels of land were cordoned off serving various planned purposes giving cities distinctive geometric designs.

; March 2005: Allah inscription: The word " Allah ", in approximately a foot-tall Arabic script, was found newly carved into the ancient stones, an act viewed by Jews as vandalism.

* Rock-cut tombs, a form widespread in the ancient world, in which the tomb is not built but carved out of the rock and can be a free-standing building but is more commonly a cave, which may be extensive and may or may not have an elaborate facade.

The most famous of the ancient rock-cut tombs in Silwan is the finely carved monolith known as the Monolith of Silwan.

He drew on oral tales of the Icelanders, ancient volumes, letters carved on rocks and stone, and the statements of his patron Absalon concerning the history that the Archbishop had been a part of.

The stones are set within a circular ditch up to deep, wide and in circumference that was carved out of the solid sandstone bedrock by the ancient residents.

Memorial of the Battle of Varna of 1444 carved into an ancient Thracians | Thracian Tumulus | burial mound

An ancient Priene Synagogue with a carved image of a menorah has also been discovered.

Of its coins the most ancient bear the Phoenician inscription abdrt with the head of Melkart and a tunny-fish ; those of Tiberius ( who seems to have made the place a colonia ) show the chief temple of the town with two tunny-fish erect in the form of columns.

; Patriarch: Patriarchs are the bishops who head certain ancient autocephalous or sui iuris churches, which are a collection of metropolitan sees or provinces.

Rather, the bishop is head of a titular see, which is usually an ancient city that used to have a bishop, but, for some reason or other, does not have one now.

Romans did not mark same-sex relations as " homosexual " if an adult male used a slave or prostitute, characteristically a youth, as his passive partner ( see Homosexuality in ancient Rome ); these relations, however, were expected to play a secondary role to marriage, within which institution an adult male demonstrated his masculine authority as head of household ( paterfamilias ).

In a traditional ancient Greek show of approval, his supporters " threw so many hats and shirts and cloaks on his head that he suffocated, and was buried in that same theatre ".

The goddess is described as wearing oak in fragments of Sophocles ' lost play The Root Diggers ( or The Root Cutters ), and an ancient commentary on Apollonius of Rhodes ' Argonautica ( 3. 1214 ) describes her as having a head surrounded by serpents, twining through branches of oak.

This makes the Wimseys an unusually ancient family, since " Very few English noble families go that far in the first creation ; rebellions and monarchic head choppings had seen to that " ( as reviewer Janet Hitchman noted in the introduction to Striding Folly ).

The Latin word was translated into ancient Greek variously: as ἱεροδιδάσκαλος, ἱερονόμος, ἱεροφύλαξ, ἱεροφάντης, or ἀρχιερεύς ( high priest ) The head of the college was known as the Pontifex Maximus ( the greatest pontiff ).

Although the Sovereign was not stripped of the ancient prerogative powers and legally remained the head of government, politically it gradually became necessary for him or her to govern through a Prime Minister who could command a majority in Parliament.

The Po (,, ancient Ligurian: Bodincus or Bodencus, ) is a river that flows either or – considering the length of the Maira, a right bank tributary – eastward across northern Italy, from a spring seeping from a stony hillside at Pian del Re, a flat place at the head of the Val Po under the northwest face of Monviso ( in the Cottian Alps ) through a delta projecting into the Adriatic Sea near Venice.

At first the Eastern Roman Emperor Michael II showed himself tolerant towards the image-worshippers, and their great champion, Theodore the Studite, wrote to him to exhort him " to unite us Church of Constantinople to the head of the Churches of God, Rome, and through it with the three Patriarchs " and to refer any doubtful points to the decision of Old Rome in accordance with ancient custom.

For example Constantine started putting restrictions on the ancient Roman concept of patria potestas, the power held by the male head of a family over his descendents, by acknowledging that persons in potestate, the descendents, could have proprietary rights.

The Jieba is the ancient ceremony of the nine marks, which are burned onto the head with sticks of incense.

These ancient dao characters more clearly depict the shou 首 " head " element as hair above a face.

In ancient and medieval Christianity, Caesaropapism is the doctrine where a head of state is at the same time the head of the church.

The system, though ancient, began to become of importance only after the division of the duchy of Saxony on the fall of Henry the Lion, when the archbishop of Cologne, duke of Westphalia from 1180 onwards, placed himself as representative of the emperor at the head of the Fehme.

The old name for deer was simply cerf, and it is chiefly the head which appears on the ancient arms.

Influenced by the ruin of ancient Rome and perhaps by his Byzantine mother, Otto III dreamed of restoration of the glory and power of the ancient Roman Empire, with himself at the head of a theocratic state.

The phoenix or firebird originated in ancient mythology and has gone through a variety of representations in art / literature, ranging from being fully birdlike to having the head of a dog and suckling its young.

When a man died in ancient Greece, his wife cut off her hair and buried it with him, and in Hindu families, the chief mourner is expected to shave his or her head 10 days after a death.

Hellenistic head of a woman from the cemetery of ancient Kydonia in the Archaeological Museum of Chania.

The nominal head of an ancient university in Scotland is its Chancellor with the day-to-day functions of the chief operating officer vested in the vice-chancellor, who also holds the title of Principal and is referred to as the Principal Vice-Chancellor.

* Rahu, The floating head said to cause eclipses in ancient Hindu astronomy