Or shall we permit early specialization in scientific and technological subjects??

A less confrontational vision of scientific discovery is proposed by Adloff He suggests that hindsight criticism of the early publications should be mitigated by the nascent state of radiochemistry, highlights the prudence of Debierne's claims in the original papers, and notes that nobody can contend that Debierne's substance did not contain actinium.

B. Rhine, who was critical in the early foundations of parapsychology as a laboratory science, was committed to finding scientific evidence for the spiritual existence of humans.

His advocacy of Spiritualism and his belief in a non-material origin for the higher mental faculties of humans strained his relationship with the scientific establishment, especially with other early proponents of evolution.

Most of IBM's early binary " scientific " computers, beginning with the vacuum tube IBM 701 in 1952, used a single 36-bit accumulator, along with a separate multiplier / quotient register to handle operations with longer results.

Most early vector CPUs, such as the Cray-1, were associated almost exclusively with scientific research and cryptography applications.

Commodore soon had a profitable calculator line and was one of the more popular brands in the early 1970s, producing both consumer as well as scientific / programmable calculators.

Launched in early 1972 it was unlike the other basic four-function pocket calculators then available in that it was the first pocket calculator with scientific functions that could replace a slide rule.

The medieval universities of Western Christendom were well-integrated across all of Western Europe, encouraged freedom of enquiry and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Thomas Aquinas of the University of Naples, Robert Grosseteste of the University of Oxford, an early expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation ; and Saint Albert the Great, a pioneer of biological field research The University of Bologne is considered the oldest continually operating university.

In the early 1900s scientific behaviorists such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner began the attempt to uncover laws describing the relationship between stimuli and responses, without reference to inner mental phenomena.

Electricity has been a subject of scientific interest since at least the early 17th century.

In the early 20th century, ecology transitioned from a more descriptive form of natural history to a more analytical form of scientific natural history.

NASA planners invented the term extra-vehicular activity in the early 1960s for the Apollo program to land men on the Moon, because the astronauts would leave the spacecraft to collect lunar material samples and deploy scientific experiments.

The early national conservation movement shifted emphasis to scientific management which favored larger enterprises and control began to shift from local governments to the states and the federal government.

One way to avoid the stigma of an " ism " was to evolve early anti-nuclear groups into the more scientific Green Parties, sprout new NGOs such as Greenpeace and Earth Action, and devoted groups to protecting global biodiversity and preventing global warming and climate change.

An early functional-flavored language was Lisp, developed by John McCarthy while at Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) for the IBM 700 / 7000 series scientific computers in the late 1950s.

Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.

The tradition of diglossia, the simultaneous existence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of Greek, was renewed in the modern era in the form of a polarization between two competing varieties: Dimotiki, the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and Katharevousa, meaning ' purified ', an imitation of classical Greek, which was developed in the early 19th century and used for literary, juridic, administrative and scientific purposes in the newly formed modern Greek state.

After his death he gained considerable fame, particularly among 19th-and early 20th-century commentators who, focusing on his astronomical beliefs, regarded him as a martyr for free thought and modern scientific ideas.

Furthermore, a substantial amount of early scientific research effectively came from the hobby activities of the wealthy.

Some of his early novels, called " scientific romances ", invented a number of themes now classic in science fiction in such works as The Time Machine, The Island of Doctor Moreau, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds, When the Sleeper Wakes, and The First Men in the Moon.

In the early 1930s, after a famous paper given by the Soviet historian Boris Hessen, was focused into looking at the ways in which scientific practices were allied with the needs and motivations of their context.

While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity ( for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others ), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages ( for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī and Roger Bacon ), the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution that took place in 16th and 17th century Europe.

Renowned psychologist B. F. Skinner's theories of behavior were highly influential on many early instructional theorists because their hypotheses can be tested fairly easily with the scientific process.

The Ig Nobel Prizes are an American parody of the Nobel Prizes and are given each year in early October for ten unusual or trivial achievements in scientific research.

Forced at an early age by royal duty he had to marry Constanza, the Infanta ( Princess ) of Castile.

Although Dominic and the early brethren had instituted female Dominican houses at Prouille and other places by 1227, some of the brethren of the Order had misgivings about the necessity of female religious establishments in an Order whose major purpose was preaching, a duty in which women could not traditionally engage.

From the early days of the Republic, ten years of military service were a citizen's duty and a prerequisite for election to public office.

His military experience was limited ; Germany surrendered in early November, and Cukor's duty ended after only two months.

The Nicaraguan Campaign Medal, a decoration of the United States Navy, was later issued for those American service members who had performed military duty in Nicaragua during the early years of the 20th century.

“ Fathers and mothers have ‘ disordered and disobedient children ,’” said the Puritan Richard Greenham, “ because they have been disobedient children to the Lord and disordered to their parents when they were young .” Because the duty of early childcare fell almost exclusively on women, a woman's salvation necessarily depended upon the observable goodness of her child.

During the early period of American involvement in World War II ( December 7, 1941 – September 22, 1943 ), the Purple Heart was awarded both for wounds received in action against the enemy and for meritorious performance of duty.

As noted in the records aboard the USS Defiant, Sato only ever achieved the rank of Lieutenant Commander during her Starfleet career, suggesting either a slow rise up the ranks or an early retirement from active duty.

However, in early 1490 the four cantons decided to carry out their duty to the Abbey and to invade the St. Gallen canton with an armed force.

Roosevelt made a habit of walking officers ' beats late at night and early in the morning to make sure they were on duty.

The First Great Awakening ( under Jonathan Edwards and others ) in the mid-18th century and the Second Great Awakening in the early 19th century ( under Charles Grandison Finney, among others ) emphasized personal piety, revivals, and devotion to civic duty.

He went on to realise that burning a pound of coal in a steam engine produced five times as much duty as a pound of zinc consumed in a Grove cell, an early electric battery.

Nonetheless he lost much authority among the confederates, and his own father considered whether or not he should be court-martialed ; he was reinstated to active duty only in early September.

The early flight surgeons found that the Army's practice of assigning officers to flight duty who were not physically qualified for infantry or cavalry duty was improper.

The closest there was to a main villain was Mogdred ( portrayed by John Woodnutt ), but his main duty was, according to Merlin ( a wizard, and Mogdred's ' alter ego ' in the first series ) in the penultimate episode of Series 2, to " scare you into making a mistake ", though he did kill two dungeoneers, one in Series 2 and another early in Series 4.

When permission to leave for Europe finally came in early 1812 Brock declined the offer, seeing it as his duty to defend Canada in war against the United States.

Lifeguards are on duty during summer months from 10 am to 6 pm, with more limited hours in the late Spring and early Autumn months.

The camp was established in June 1940 and named Norwegian Reception Camp, consisting of some 500 men and women, mainly foreign-Norwegian who had volunteered for war duty in Norway during the Nazi occupation in early 1940.

In early 1942 Marshall was given additional duty as Deputy Chief of Staff of USAFFE ( U. S. Armed Forces Far East ) when it was used to provide a US Army agency for Gen. MacArthur to exercise command over US Army troops in SWPA ( South West Pacific Army ).

In early 1915 he was drafted, although university professors were exempt from military duty.

Cicero, an early philosopher who discusses duty in his work “ On Duty ", suggests that duties can come from four different sources:

O ' Hare was not employed on combat duty from early 1942 until late 1943.

Released from Marine Corps ' active duty in September 1960, Thornley relocated with Greg Hill to New Orleans in early 1961.