In 1885 the Broadway commercial district was overrun with telephone, telegraph, and electrical lines.

* Morse code uses six digital states — dot, dash, intra-character gap ( between each dot or dash ), short gap ( between each letter ), medium gap ( between words ), and long gap ( between sentences )— to send messages via a variety of potential carriers such as electricity or light, for example using an electrical telegraph or a flashing light.

A printing electrical telegraph receiver, and a transmitter key at bottom right

An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via telecommunication lines or radio.

The electrical telegraph, or more commonly just ' telegraph ', superseded optical semaphore telegraph systems, such as those designed by Claude Chappe for the French military, and Friedrich Clemens Gerke for the Prussian military, thus becoming the first form of electrical telecommunications.

In a matter of decades after their creation, electrical telegraph networks permitted people and commerce to almost instantly transmit messages across both continents and oceans, with widespread social and economic impacts.

The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical power supply.

In response, Rome turned up the pressure, demanding that Tirana name Italians to direct the Gendarmerie ; join Italy in a customs union ; grant Italy control of the country's sugar, telegraph, and electrical monopolies ; teach the Italian language in all Albanian schools ; and admit Italian colonists.

* 1837 – The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone on July 25, 1837 between Euston and Camden Town in London.

For example, the development of the telegraph shortened the time taken to send a letter by transferring the letter as an electrical signal ( for example in Morse code ) between distant points.

An interesting description of these early 19th century methods and its evolution into the electrical telegraph networks of the mid-to-late 19th century is found in The Victorian Internet, a book by Tom Standage ISBN 0-425-17169-8.

Cooke abandoned his primary subject of anatomy and built a small electrical telegraph within three weeks.

Cooke and Wheatstone formed a partnership and patented the electrical telegraph in May 1837, and within a short time had provided the Great Western Railway with a stretch of telegraph.

Morse also at one time adopted Wheatstone and Carl August von Steinheil's idea of broadcasting an electrical telegraph signal through a body of water or down steel railroad tracks or anything conductive.

* 1859 – A solar super storm affects electrical telegraph service.

It interrupted electrical telegraph service and caused visible aurorae as far south as Havana, Hawaii, and Rome with similar activity in the southern hemisphere.

The accuracy of measuring the total electrical energy entering an exploding wire during a few microseconds was verified when two independent types of comparison with the heat energy produced had an uncertainty of less than 2 percent.

A mild electrical shock served as a conditioned stimulus and was followed by feeding.

On June 14, 1900 the Manchester Journal reported that an electrical engineer was installing an electric light plant for Edward S. Isham at `` Ormsby Hill ''.

It was a fairly modern motel with quite a bit of electrical display in front.

Known to the Iranians by the Pahlavi compound word kah-ruba ( from kah “ straw ” plus rubay “ attract, snatch ,” referring to its electrical properties ), which entered Arabic as kahraba ' or kahraba, it too was called amber in Europe ( Old French and Middle English ambre ).

The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).

The burning glass was a useful contrivance in the days before electrical ignition was easily achieved.

Initially his mother was reluctant to let him commit to an insecure football career, so he began an apprenticeship as an electrical engineer ; however he went on to turn professional in October 1954.

One of the first plastics made from synthetic components, Bakelite was used for its electrical nonconductivity and heat-resistant properties in electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings, and such diverse products as kitchenware, jewelry, pipe stems, and children's toys.

In its industrial applications, Bakelite was particularly suitable for the emerging electrical and automobile industries because of its extraordinarily high resistance-not only to electricity, but to heat and chemical action.

It was soon used for all nonconducting parts of radios and other electrical devices, such as bases and sockets for light bulbs and vacuum tubes, supports for electrical components, automobile distributor caps and other insulators.

By the 1890s, the portion from 23rd Street to 34th Street was so brightly illuminated by electrical advertising signs, that people began calling it " The Great White Way.

He was born in the Queens borough of New York, New York, as a son of Jayne ( née Quinlan ), of Irish descent, and John George Costas, an electrical engineer of Greek descent.

One of the first studies of condensed states of matter was by English chemist Humphry Davy, when he observed that of the forty chemical elements known at the time, twenty-six had metallic properties such as lustre, ductility and high electrical and thermal conductivity.

In 1911, just three years after helium was first liquified, Onnes working at University of Leiden discovered superconductivity in mercury, when he observed the electrical resistivity in mercury to vanish when the temperature was lowered below a certain value.

The first theoretical description of metals was given by Paul Drude in 1900 with the Drude model, which explained electrical and thermal properties by describing a metal as an ideal gas of then-newly discovered electrons.

As early as 1886 he saw that logical operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits ; the same idea as was used decades later to produce digital computers.

Charles Proteus Steinmetz ( April 9, 1865 – October 26, 1923 ) was a German-American mathematician and electrical engineer.

In the early cold cathode vacuum tubes, called Crookes tubes, this was done by using a high electrical potential between the anode and the cathode to ionize the residual gas in the tube ; the ions were accelerated by the electric field and released electrons when they collided with the cathode.

Before it emerged as a unique discipline, control engineering was practiced as a part of mechanical engineering and control theory was studied as a part of electrical engineering, since electrical circuits can often be easily described using control theory techniques.

Its existence was predicted in 1902 independently and almost simultaneously by the American electrical engineer Arthur Edwin Kennelly ( 1861 – 1939 ) and the British physicist Oliver Heaviside ( 1850 – 1925 ).

Its existence was predicted in 1902 independently and almost simultaneously by the American electrical engineer Arthur Edwin Kennelly ( 1861 – 1939 ) and the British physicist Oliver Heaviside ( 1850 – 1925 ).

Oliver Heaviside FRS ( ( 18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925 ) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, invented mathematical techniques to the solution of differential equations ( later found to be equivalent to Laplace transforms ), reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis.

In the United States and parts of Canada, electrical transmission companies operate independently of generation and distribution companies.

du Fay and Francis Hauksbee independently discovers two kinds of frictional electricity: one generated from rubbing glass, the other from rubbing resin ( later identified as positive and negative electrical charges ).

by Mascart in 1883, and by Oliver Heaviside in 1894 ), though they were discovered independently and experimentally, before the notions of conservation of energy and electrical potential were well developed.

* 1837-Samuel Morse independently developed an electrical telegraph, an alternative design that was capable of transmitting over long distances using poor quality wire.

It has not been independently confirmed that these are associated with electrical discharges on Mars.

Both Honeywell and Japanese electrical engineering firm Yokogawa introduced their own independently produced DCSs at roughly the same time, with the TDC 2000 and CENTUM systems, respectively.

When equipped with Digital Command Control, locomotives on the same electrical section of track can be independently controlled.

In some of these applications, electrowetting allows large numbers of droplets to be independently manipulated under direct electrical control without the use of external pumps, valves or even fixed channels.

Recently, with the help of Fritz Morgan, Chief Technology Officer of Philips Color Kinetics, the island's electrical system was converted to a combination of wind and solar power, operating independently of the regional electrical grid.

In these cases, each driven wheel is equipped with its own electric motor, which can be fed varying electrical power to provide any required torque or power output for each wheel independently.

The 1994 study proposed a 10 MW ( electrical, 108 MW thermal ) generator with the MHD and bottoming cycle plants connected by steam piping, so either could operate independently.

Among its leaders were Charles Bell ( 1774 – 1843 ) and François Magendie ( 1783 – 1855 ) who independently discovered the distinction between sensory and motor nerves in the spinal column, Johannes Müller ( 1801 – 1855 ) who proposed the doctrine of specific nerve energies, Emil du Bois-Reymond ( 1818 – 1896 ) who studied the electrical basis of muscle contraction, Pierre Paul Broca ( 1824 – 1880 ) and Carl Wernicke ( 1848 – 1905 ) who identified areas of the brain responsible for different aspects of language, as well as Gustav Fritsch ( 1837 – 1927 ), Eduard Hitzig ( 1839 – 1907 ), and David Ferrier ( 1843 – 1924 ) who localized sensory and motor areas of the brain.

Pilot light solutions work independently of the electrical system.