The terms architect and architecture are also used in the disciplines of landscape architecture, naval architecture and often information technology ( for example a software architect ).

Aachen's predominant economic focus is on science, engineering, information technology and related sectors.

In Richard K. Morgan's Takeshi Kovacs novels human colonies on distant planets maintain contact with earth and each other via hyperspatial needlecast, a technology which moves information "... so close to instantaneously that scientists are still arguing about the terminology ...".

In 2001, it achieved high rankings in the annual Maclean's University Rankings, including Best Overall for Primarily Undergraduate University in their opinion survey, and it received the Canadian Information Productivity Award in 1997 as it was praised as the first university in Canada to fully utilize information technology in the undergraduate curriculum.

The ACM Fellows Program was established by Council of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1993 " to recognize and honor outstanding ACM members for their achievements in computer science and information technology and for their significant contributions to the mission of the ACM.

The ACM presents or co – presents a number of awards for outstanding technical and professional achievements and contributions in computer science and information technology.

Access to famous persons, too, became more and more restricted ; potential visitors would be forced through numerous different checks before being granted access to the official in question, and as communication became better and information technology more prevalent, it has become all but impossible for a would-be killer to get close enough to the personage at work or in private life to effect an attempt on his or her life, especially given the common use of metal and bomb detectors.

On July 17, 1996, Clinton issued Executive Order 13011 – Federal Information Technology, ordering the heads of all federal agencies to utilize information technology fully to make the information of the agency easily accessible to the public.

Bluetooth technology provides a way to exchange information between wireless devices such as personal digital assistants ( PDAs ), mobile phones, laptops, computers, printers and digital cameras via a secure, low-cost, globally available short-range radio frequency band.

Verbatim translations were sent solely to the Naval Intelligence Division ( NID ) of the Admiralty's Operational Intelligence Centre ( OIC ) supplemented by information from indexes as to the meaning of technical terms and abbreviations, and cross-referenced information from a store of knowledge of German naval technology.

The use of letter " i " prefixes and suffixes to denote information technology or interactivity was very much in vogue at this time, notably with the launch of the iMac and the iPod by Apple Computer ; according to the BBC, the " i " in BBCi stood for " interactivity " as well as " innovation ".

To transmit information Serial Back-Plane technology uses a low voltage differential signaling transmission method for sending information.

Biotechnology draws on the pure biological sciences ( genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology ) and in many instances it is also dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology ( chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics ).

Life science, information technology and shipping are important sectors, and research & development plays a major role in the city's economy.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also defines the communication to include the display of text, Braille, tactile communication, large print, accessible multimedia, as well as written and plain language, human-reader, augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of communication, including accessible information and communication technology.

Computer science or computing science ( abbreviated CS or compsci ) is the scientific and mathematical approach in information technology and computing.

Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of electrical engineering, telecommunications, computer science, information technology or computer engineering, since it relies upon the theoretical and practical application of these disciplines.

The computer industry is made up of all of the businesses involved in developing computer software, designing computer hardware and computer networking infrastructures, the manufacture of computer components and the provision of information technology services including System Administration and Maintenance.

Spintronics is a new area of technology that can be used for information processing and transmission, and is based on spin, rather than electron transport.

Also growing more popular are ethnographies of professional communities, such as laboratory researchers, Wall Street investors, law firms, or information technology ( IT ) computer employees.

The IT University focuses exclusively on information technology and offers Bachelor and Master programmes with degrees issued from either Chalmers or Gothenburg University, depending on the programme.

It features advanced science, such as information technology and cybernetics, coupled with a degree of breakdown or radical change in the social order.

All failed and successful authentication attempts must be logged, and all access to information must leave some type of audit trail.

* Master of Computer Auditing, a 1 year Master's degree in information technology audit awarded by University of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium

** An independent audit of Mattel, one of the United States ' largest toy manufacturers, reveals that company officials fabricated press releases and financial information to " maintain the appearance of continued corporate growth.

In information or communications security, information audit means a chronological record of system activities to enable the reconstruction and examination of the sequence of events and / or changes in an event.

Greater interdisciplinary cooperation is further evidenced by the February 2005 creation of the Alliance for Enterprise Security Risk Management, a joint venture including leading associations in security ( ASIS ), information security ( ISSA, the Information Systems Security Association ), and IT audit ( ISACA, the Information Systems Audit and Control Association ).

An audit indicated that more than one third withdrawn since 1999, did not contain sensitive information.

The RKC comprises several key governing principles: transparency and predictability of customs controls ; standardization and simplification of the goods declaration and supporting documents ; simplified procedures for authorized persons ; maximum use of information technology ; minimum necessary customs control to ensure compliance with regulations ; use of risk management and audit based controls ; coordinated interventions with other border agencies ; and a partnership with the trade.

There are now audit professionals who specialize in security audits and information systems audits.

* Information technology audit, Information technology audit process, History of information technology auditing, and Auditing information security

Examples of co-sourcing services are supplementing the in-house internal audit staff with specialised skill such as information risk management or integrity services, providing routine assistance to in-house auditing for operations and control evaluations in peak period activity and conduct special projects such as fraud investigation or plant investment appraisals.

Voting machines are the total combination of mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic equipment ( including software, firmware, and documentation required to program control, and support equipment ), that is used to define ballots ; to cast and count votes ; to report or display election results ; and to maintain and produce any audit trail information.

A VAN not only transports ( receives, stores and forwards ) messages but also adds audit information to them and modifies the data in the process of automatic error detection and correction or conversion between communications protocols.

In the US, the focus is on the financial information, not on the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions, ' So, other than in Europe, the political reaction in the US to the failure to obtain a clean audit opinion is only " a big yawn "'.

It contains important provisions requiring accesses to generate an audit trail, and for patients to be able to partition their data so that for example genetic information is not revealed when they go for a flu shot.

In one step to balance security with civil liberty, the legislation mandates an annual audit and report to Congress by the intelligence community inspector general of all cyber information voluntarily shared with the government to ensure civil liberties protection.

Human Rights First, a 501 ( c ) 3 registered charity, undergoes an independent audit annually and files information returns with various governmental regulatory agencies.

WCM complemented OpenText ’ s ECM solutions by adding the ability for organizations to publish content in context through Web properties for Web and mobile access, while maintaining a link back — and the ability to manage — content in the core ECM repository for valuable meta-data and audit information.

They provide access to information, training courses and consultancy services for all bureaux, and regularly audit individual bureaux against the requirements of their respective membership standards.

However, if session information is subject to audit compliance, consideration should be given to the method used for session storage, replication, and clustering.

Streamline process set-up to provide audit information and maintain user accountability.

The health information systems literature has seen the EHR as a container holding information about the patient, and a tool for aggregating clinical data for secondary uses ( billing, audit etc .).