The umiak, umialak, umiaq, umiac, oomiac or oomiak is a type of boat used by Eskimo people, both Yupik and Inuit, and was originally found in all coastal areas from Siberia to Greenland.

The open umiak is significantly larger than the enclosed kayak which was built to carry one or two men while hunting.

Although the usage of the umiak and the kayak has died out in most areas of the Arctic it is still very much a part of life in the Yupik and Inupiat whaling villages of Alaska.

The skin cover on an umiak will last for two or three years, as does an aluminum boat used in the same way ; however, replacing the skin on an umiak is much easier than repairing an aluminum boat.

With a new skin on the frame, the umiak is placed out in the wind and cold, to dry.

Although it is sometimes called a " woman's boat ", modern Inuit dictionaries such as Kangiryuarmiut Uqauhingita Numiktittitdjutingit by Ronald Lowe, the Inuinnaqtun English Dictionary, and Asuilaak Inuktitut Living Dictionary translate umiak as boat, traditional skin boat, or any type of boat.

A large umiak,, would require about seven skins which would be sewn together, stretched over the frame and allowed to dry.

Although an umiak could carry up to 30 passengers it was still light enough to be carried over the drift or shore ice to the open water by a few people.

Although the umiak was usually propelled by oars ( women ) or paddles ( men ), sails, sometimes made from seal intestines, were also used, and in the 20th century, outboard motors.

Like the kayak, the traditional umiak was made from a driftwood or whalebone frame pegged and lashed together, sometimes with antlers or ivory, over which walrus or Bearded seal skins are stretched.

Normally the umiak would be anywhere from and wide.

In Barrow, Alaska the process for replacing the skin of an umiak begins when the ice moves away from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in July.

The longship ’ s design evolved over many years, beginning in the Stone Age with the invention of the umiak and continuing up to the 9th century with the Nydam and Kvalsund ships.

The longship ’ s design evolved over many years, beginning in the Stone Age with the invention of the umiak and continuing up to the 9th century with the Nydam and Kvalsund ships.

File: Cape Dezhnev w umiac. JPG | Chukchi men at Dezhnevo pulling an umiak onto the beach, Cape Dezhnev headland in background, 1913

In May when the bowhead whales migrate eastward past Point Barrow, umiak skin boats are hauled on sleds pulled by snowmobiles out onto the ice.

Had the situation been reversed, had, for instance, England been the enemy in 1898 because of issues of concern chiefly to New England, there is little doubt that large numbers of Southerners would have happily put on their old Confederate uniforms to fight as allies of Britain.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

If a work is divided into several large segments, a last-minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance.

On the one hand, he does not work for a large agency, but is almost always self-employed.

Although we continue to pay our conversational devotions to `` free private enterprise '', `` individual initiative '', `` the democratic way '', `` government of the people '', `` competition of the marketplace '', etc., we live rather comfortably in a society in which economic competition is diminishing in large areas, bureaucracy is corroding representative government, technology is weakening the citizen's confidence in his own power to make decisions, and the threat of war is driving him economically and physically into the ground ''.

Third, the United States is pressing forward in the development of large rocket engines to place vehicles of many tons into space for exploration purposes.

In this domain the simple fact of coexistence in the same local, national, and world community is enough to guarantee that we cannot refrain from having some effect, large or small, upon Gentile-Jewish relations.

This is in large part a code of behavior and a glossary of values: what is it that people do and should do and how one should regard it.

If we are to believe the list of titles printed in Malraux's latest book, La Metamorphose Des Dieux, Vol. 1 ( ( 1957 ), he is still engaged in writing a large novel under his original title.

But it would greatly strengthen any Mayor's executive powers, remove the excuse in large degree that he is a captive of inaction in the Board of Estimate, increase his budget-making authority both as to expense and capital budgets, and vest in him the right to reorganize city departments in the interest of efficiency and economy.

We believe that autism, like so many other conditions of defect and deviation, is to a large extent inborn.

Decca is not the only large commercial company to impart instruction.

For the first time in history the entire world is dominated by two large, powerful nations armed with murderous nuclear weapons that make conventional warfare of the past a nullity.

In any event, the yearly sacrifice of 40,000 victims is a hecatomb too large to be justified by the most ardent faith.

The lack of scientific unanimity on the effects of radiation is due in part to insufficient data covering large population groups, from which agreed-on generalizations could be drawn.

For that is the one an increasingly large number of prominent Americans are now proposing.

In the first place, a large part of the discrepancy between President Eisenhower's estimate of a 1.5 billion dollar surplus for the same period and the new estimate of an almost seven billion dollar deficit is the result of the outgoing President's farewell gift of a political booby-trap to his successor.

Our complaint is that in many crucial areas the Kennedy programs are not too large but too small, most seriously in regard to the conventional arms build-up and in aid and welfare measures.

The resulting setup, it was declared, `` would be similar to that which is in successful operation in a number of metropolitan counties as large or larger than Rhode Island ''.

Another effect discovered is the large coefficient of thermal diffusion tending to separate nitrogen from the oxygen when temperature differences straddling the nitrogen dissociation region are present.

Mr. Speaker, for several years now the commuter railroads serving our large metropolitan areas have found it increasingly difficult to render the kind of service our expanding population wants and is entitled to have.

Here in these little rooms -- or stages arched open to the sky and river -- they choose a few lines out of the hundreds they may know and sing them according to one of the modes into which Persian music is divided.

The only chance of renovation is to open our eyes and see the mess.

For the occasion on which everyone already knows everyone else and the host wishes them to meet one or a few honored newcomers, then the `` open house '' system is advantageous because the honored guests are fixed connective points and the drifting guests make and break connections at the door.

All we want from Dr. Huxley's statement is the feeling that this is an open world, in the view of the best scientific opinion, with practically no directional commitments as to what may happen next, and no important confinements with respect to what may be possible.

Although open to the general public it is not overcrowded ; ;

On April 11th he wrote an open letter in The Advocate, making it known `` to the world that Jas. W. Robinson is by his own admission a base liar and a slanderer ''.

For there is also the `` face of reality '' in the form of the individual's perceptions of his own abilities and interests, of the objective possibilities open to him, of the familial and other social pressures to which he is exposed.

and the atmosphere is so befouled that no one dares walk in the open without respirators or soot plugs.

When all else fails, it is argued that open sessions slow down governmental operations.

But Interior Secretary Udall warns that there is a race on between those who would develop our few surviving open shorelines and those who would save them for the enjoyment of all as public preserves.

It seems that open season upon veterans' hospitalization is once more upon us.

There the truth is, open to eyes that are willing to look.

`` His mouth is open ''.

Experiments have shown that the shutter is 75 percent open in about 60-80 microseconds.

Ventilation is provided in a concrete block basement shelter by vents in the wall and by the open entrance.

The Glee Club is open to all students and faculty with no auditions necessary for membership.

The workshop is open five afternoons and two evenings each week.

A student organization, Bottega, is open to any student interested in increasing his understanding and appreciation of the graphic and ceramic arts in their historical, technical, and productive contexts.

Membership is open to any woman student in the College.

The effect of the recording is very open and natural, with the frequency emphasis exactly what you would expect from a live performance.

The single-barrel Stevens 940Y ( under $35 ) is made with a side lever rather than a top-tang lever because many youngsters aren't strong enough to operate a top tang to open a gun -- and the side lever does indeed open very easily.

The extent and location of open areas is noted.