In Spain, several very different cultural streams came together in the first centuries of the Christian era: the Roman culture, which was dominant for several hundred years, and which brought with it the music and ideas of Ancient Greece ; early Christians, who had their own version of the Roman Rite ; the Visigoths, an North Germanic tribe who overran the Iberian peninsula in the 5th century ; Jews of the diaspora ; and eventually the Moors and Arabs.

Because Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean and virtually all Mediterranean peoples have passed through it ( Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Ancient Germans, Byzantine Greeks, Arabs, Normans, French, Aragonese, Spanish, Italians ), Sicilian displays the rich and varied influence of several languages on its lexical stock and grammar.

* Robert Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam ( series Ancient Peoples )

Category: Ancient Arabs former Muslims

An abbot ( from Old English abbod, abbad, from Latin abbas (“ father ”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς ( abbas ), from Aramaic ܐܒܐ / אבא (’ abbā, “ father ”); confer German Abt ; French abbé ) is the head and chief governor of a community of monks, called also in the East hegumen or archimandrite.

* Online searchable copy of Swedenborg's Heaven and Hell also known as the underworld in Ancient Greece.

It has also been recently suggested that the rapid climatic collapse, marking the Akkadian Dark Age, may have been responsible for the religiously prescribed prohibition against the raising and consumption of pigs that spread through the Ancient Middle East from the end of the third millennium BC.

There may also be a connection with the Roman god of war Mars, via hypothetical Proto-Indo-European * M ̥ rēs ; compare Ancient Greek μάρναμαι ( marnamai ), " to fight, to battle ", or Punjabi maarna ( to kill, to hit ).

The aegis also appears in Ancient Egyptian mythology.

: See also Ancient Greek boxing

The Ancient Near Eastern collection also had its beginnings in 1825 with the purchase of Assyrian and Babylonian antiquities from the widow of Claudius James Rich.

Parts of Ancient India and Nepal where Buddhism originated were also for long periods Buddhist, and whether as a result of the Buddhist, Jain or Hindu promotion of the principle of ahimsa ( harmlessness ) many Indians remain vegetarian.

Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.

It is uncertain where it was first discovered that a combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture ( see also: Pozzolanic reaction ), but concrete made from such mixtures was first used by the Ancient Macedonians and three centuries later on a large scale by Roman engineers.

In Ancient Egyptian architecture as early as 2600 BC the architect Imhotep made use of stone columns whose surface was carved to reflect the organic form of bundled reeds ; in later Egyptian architecture faceted cylinders were also common.

Likewise, the Museum of the Ancient Orient, part of the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, also has a " Code of Hammurabi " clay tablet, dated to 1750 BC, in ( Room 5, Inv # Ni 2358 ).

* aspect — Ancient Greek: imperfective, perfective ( traditionally called aorist ), perfect ( sometimes also called perfective ; see note about terminology );

While the term grimoire is originally European, and many Europeans throughout history, particularly ceremonial magicians and cunning folk, have made use of grimoires, the historian Owen Davies noted that similar such books can be found all across the world, ranging from Jamaica to Sumatra, and he also noted that the first such grimoires could be found not in Europe but in the Ancient Near East.

The fleet probably also sacked Troy and Ephesus, destroying the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

In Ancient Greek those last three words would be rendered tōi podi ( τῷ ποδί ), with the noun pous ( πούς, foot ) changing to podi to reflect the fact that John is using his foot as an instrument ( any adjective modifying " foot " would also change case to match ).

Spanish and Ancient Greek, for example, have a perfect ( not the same as the perfective ), which refers to a state resulting from a previous action ( also described as a previous action with relevance to a particular time, or a previous action viewed from the perspective of a later time ).

Otto's coronation as Emperor made the German kings successors to the Empire of Charlemagne, which through translatio imperii also made them successors to Ancient Rome.

Diogenes also tells us that Heraclitus deposited his book as a dedication in the great temple of Artemis, the Artemisium, one of the largest temples of the 6th century BCE and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

: See also Ancient Libya ( Tripolitania and Cyrenaica )

With the emergence of monarchy at the beginning of Iron Age II the king promoted his own family god, Yahweh, as the god of the kingdom, but beyond the royal court religion continued to be both polytheistic and family-centered, as it was also for other societies in the Ancient Near East.

* Brettler, Marc Zvi, " The Creation of History in Ancient Israel " ( Routledge, 1995 ), and also review at Dannyreviews. com

Ancient Egyptian and Middle Eastern peoples also used honey for embalming the dead.

Haematopoiesis ( from Ancient Greek: αἷμα, " blood "; ποιεῖν " to make ") ( or hematopoiesis in American English ; sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis ) is the formation of blood cellular components.

Where sandstone layers overlay shale, snow melt could accumulate and create seeps and springs, which the Ancient Pueblo used as water sources.

Ancient amaranth grains still used to this day include the three species, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus.

Ancient Egyptians burned ambergris as incense, while in modern Egypt ambergris is used for scenting cigarettes.

b. Youatt states that the Southern Hound may have been native to the British Isles and used on hunts by the Ancient Britons.

Concrete technology was known by the Ancient Romans and was widely used within the Roman Empire.

The Egyptians, Persians and other civilizations mostly used columns for the practical purpose of holding up the roof inside a building, preferring outside walls to be decorated with reliefs or painting, but the Ancient Greeks, followed by the Romans, loved to use them on the outside as well, and the extensive use of columns on the interior and exterior of buildings is one of the most characteristic features of classical architecture, in buildings like the Parthenon.

The three Ancient Greek orders have since been consistently used in neo-classical European architecture.

The word cactus derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ( kaktos ), a name originally used for a spiny plant whose identity is not certain.

Like the term " tyrant " ( which was originally a respectable Ancient Greek title ), and to a lesser degree " autocrat ", " dictator " came to be used almost exclusively as a non-titular term for oppressive, even abusive rule, yet had rare modern titular uses.

Its use began to develop from this original sense when the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek ; in Ancient Greece the term διασπορά ( diaspora ) meant " scattering " and was used to refer to citizens of a dominant city-state who emigrated to a conquered land with the purpose of colonization, to assimilate the territory into the empire.

These were used in cranes and aboard ships in Ancient Greece, as well as in mines, water pumps and siege engines in Ancient Rome.

Ancient temples were regularly used for storing treasures, and were open to private individuals under exceptional circumstances ; furthermore, many subsequent philosophers in this period refer to the work.

The hendecasyllable is a line of eleven syllables, used in Ancient Greek and Latin quantitative verse as well as in medieval and modern European poetry.

The classical hendecasyllable is a quantitative meter used in Ancient Greece in Aeolic verse and in scolia, and later by the Roman poet Catullus.

During the Ancient and Middle Ages Infantry were categorized by the types of weapons and armor they used, such as heavy, medium, and light infantry.

" Ancient " or " Old " colours may be characterized by a slightly faded look intended to resemble the vegetable dyes that were once used, although in some cases " Old " simply identifies a tartan that was in use before the current one.

The sources used for Kubla Khan are also those used in Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

However, the name " Mormon " is also used in the Book of Mormon as a place name ( e. g. Waters of Mormon ), which Ancient America Foundation scholar David Lamb uses to offer an alternate explanation for the title:

Ancient Mariners used lodestones for navigational purposes.

The term is a transliteration of the Ancient Greek (), meaning " imitator, pretender ", and was used in 1904, by the German evolutionary biologist Richard Semon, best known for his development of the engram theory of memory, in his work Die mnemischen Empfindungen in ihren Beziehungen zu den Originalempfindungen, translated into English in 1921 as The Mneme.